Emergency arrangements operative protection

Medical facilities treating chemical casualties must divide their operations into two categories contaminated (dirty) and uncontaminated (clean). Contaminated operations include triage, emergency treatment, and patient decontamination. Uncontaminated operations include treatment and final disposition. All activities conducted in the Casualty Decontamination Center (CDC) and not inside a collective protection shelter must be conducted at MOPP 4. Operational flexibility is essential. Therefore, the number and arrangement of functional areas will be adapted to both medical and tactical situations. 

A proposal was made to increase the number of taps and to rearrange the actuation logic. The new arrangement of WWER-1000 pulse lines operates on a train-by-train basis for control safety system and emergency protection, for which four additional pipe sleeves are required to be made on the reactor vessel I C nozzles and to use four available pipe sleeves (one for each hot leg loop) to measure SG pressure differential. With this arrangement, the failure of one pulse line will result only in the failure of one train out of three for the safety systems and one train out of two for the emergency protection systems (without safety system actuation and EP actuation). A practice of welding in additional pipe sleeves on reactor vessel I C nozzles has been developed. 

Most petroleum and chemical facilities rely on inherent safety and control features of the process, inherent design arrangements of the facility, and process safety emergency shutdown (ESD) features as the prime loss prevention measures. These features are immediately utilized at the time of the incident. Passive and active explosion and fire protection measures are applicable after the initiating event has occurred and an adverse effect to the operation has been realized. These features are used until their capability has been exhausted or the incident has been controlled. 

Environmental protection - management arrangements to cover the protection of the environment, including mitigating the effects from fire fighting and other emergency operations from pollution, caused by workplace operations. 

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