Embedded silver wire

The pressed disc (or pellet) type of crystalline membrane electrode is illustrated by silver sulphide, in which substance silver ions can migrate. The pellet is sealed into the base of a plastic container as in the case of the lanthanum fluoride electrode, and contact is made by means of a silver wire with its lower end embedded in the pellet this wire establishes equilibrium with silver ions in the pellet and thus functions as an internal reference electrode. Placed in a solution containing silver ions the electrode acquires a potential which is dictated by the activity of the silver ions in the test solution. Placed in a solution containing sulphide ions, the electrode acquires a potential which is governed by the silver ion activity in the solution, and this is itself dictated by the activity of the sulphide ions in the test solution and the solubility product of silver sulphide — i.e. it is an electrode of the second kind (Section 15.1). 

A glass electrode contains a reference solution of dilute hydrochloric acid in contact with a thin glass membrane, in which a silver wire coated with silver chloride has been embedded. When the electrode is dipped into a solution containing ET ions, the electrode potential is determined by the difference in [H+] between the two solutions. 

Figure 4. Experimental chamber for recording from the 6th abdominal ganglion of the cockroach. The ganglion (black) is placed in a wax chamber (shaded) and the nerve cord is embedded in vaseline, thus isolating the cut end of the nerve cord from the ganglion. A stimulus pulse (p) was applied to the cereal nerve via a suction electrode (s). Recordings from the nerve cord were made via silver wire electrodes (e), and chemicals were added to the left side of the saline-filled chamber Copyright 1986 American Cyanamid Co. Reprinted with permission.

Impressed current cathodic protection requires (i) DC power supply (rectifier) (ii) an inert anode such as catalyzed titanium anode mesh (iii) wiring conduit (iv) an embedded silver/silver chloride reference electrode. A schematic diagram of an impressed current cathodic system is shown in Figure 5.26. By an impressed current, the potential of the steel is adjusted to values greater than -850 mV, thus making the steel bar cathodic and prevent the corrosion (25). 

Close-grained hardwoods such as ebony or rosewood can be embedded with silver or gold wire to create imaginative pieces of jewelry. 

As explained above, in LTCCs that incorporate a variety of materials with embedded passive components, especially where fine wiring is used, it will be beneficial to develop LTCCs that use mainly silver. However, in circuit board applications consisting of conductor and insulating materials with fine... 

Chloride measurements in complex samples are therefore normally not performed with AgCl-based membranes. Analytical properties similar to pressed pellet membranes have also been observed with silver salts embedded in a silicone membrane, with ionophore-based silver-selective liquid membranes, and with sil-ver/silver halide wires. The latter class is usually less preferred for practical measurements since any exposed metal may induce some redox species cross-sensitivity... 

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