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Elements of Transcription Regulation

Cis-acting DNA elements can he near the start site of transcription or be quite distanced from it. Fmthermore, there are examples among eucaryotes in which the cis element is foimd within the transcribed region. If the cis element is located far from the site of action and its effect is also orientation-independent, then it is termed an enhancer. Fmthermore, one frequently observes in eucaryotes so called composite control regions which contain various cis elements. In this case, several transcription factors act cooperatively in the initiation of transcription. Examples for such cooperative effects are observed among the genes controlled by nuclear receptors. [Pg.24]

DNA-binding proteins can exercise a negative or positive influence on transcription upon binding to their cognate cis element (Fig. 1.20). [Pg.24]

Transcription represents the most important point of attack for the regulatory processes which control the flow of genetic information from DNA to mature protein. Primarily, it is the initiation of transcription that is regulated, since this represents the rate-limiting step. The essential elements of regulation at the level of initiation in eucaryotes are (Fig. 1.13) [Pg.17]

Chromatin structure is a major attack point for transcription regulation in eucaryotes. Efficient transcription initiation requires a specific structure and modification of chromatin, which can be positively or negatively controlled by the trans-acting proteins. [Pg.18]

Positive regulation implies that the bound protein stimulates transcription. Such proteins are termed transcriptional activators. There are various mechanisms of transcriptional activation. Usually protein-protein interactions between the transcriptional activator and components of the transcription apparatus or chromatin are in- [Pg.18]

Regulatory DNA-binding proteins are multi-functional. Aside from their DNA-bind-ing property, they also have the ability to register regulatory signals and transmit these on to the transcription apparatus (Fig. 1.14). [Pg.19]


See other pages where Elements of Transcription Regulation is mentioned: [Pg.24]    [Pg.119]    [Pg.17]   


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