Electrosynthesis conditions

Despite the fact that the compounds of the type 802 are formally tridentate ligands, a substitution of the proton of the NH group to the metal does not take place even under electrosynthesis conditions. This was confirmed by H NMR data of zinc and cadmium complexes and x-ray diffraction data of 803 (M = Zn, R = 2,4-dimethyl) [593],... 

At the same time, divalent zinc forms under electrosynthesis conditions the tetrahedral complex 813 with nondestroyed S — S bond and coordination unit ZnN202 [609]. 

Recommendations on the synthesis of metal phthalocyanines. It is still difficult to evaluate real reaction mechanisms in each synthetic procedure applied. It is clear that the use of such polar protic solvents as alcohols contributes to higher yields of Pc from PN in the electrosynthesis conditions due to the ease of nucleophilic attack of the generated additional RO-. In the further steps of Pc formation from PN or 1,3-D, a solvent s nature has no significant importance. These data about the importance of, first of all, the initial stage correspond to those reported on UV irradiation [40] of PN solutions, where such a treatment is effective only at the beginning of the process. However, in the case of the use of urea and PA, a solvent must be completely inert (or be close to urea s nature) to carry out the one-step synthesis of metal phthalocyanines, in order to exclude any negative influence on the reaction course. The fact that the yields are almost always higher in the case of direct electrosynthesis could serve as an additional confirmation about the usefulness and necessity of this technique. 

Wettability of the Electropolymerized Surfaces — Influence of Electrosynthesis Conditions... 

The electropolymerization of bithiophene was initially mentioned in 1980 [469], whereas the first report of the electropolymerization of thiophene appeared 2 years later [61]. Following these initial works, a large number of studies have been devoted to the analysis of the electropolymerization reaction and to the optimization of the electrosynthesis conditions [136]. 

The electropolymerization of five-membered heterocycles involves many experimental variables such as the solvent, concentration of reagents, temperature, cell geometry, nature and shape of the electrodes, and applied electrical conditions. As a consequence of the diversity of these parameters and of the complexity of the electropolymerization pathways, electrosynthesis conditions... 

Ni- and Rh-based structured catalysts were prepared by electrosynthesis of hydrotalcite-type compounds on a FeCrAlY foam, followed by calcination. The effect of the electrosynthesis conditions on both the properties of the film coating and the catalytic activity was investigated. The coating growth and the morphology of the final catalytic layer were controlled by the apphed potential and deposition time. By tuning the deposition parameters, it was possible to prepare Ni- and Rh-based catalysts which were very active in the steam reforming and catalytic partial oxidation of methane. 

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