Electrostrictive polymers examples

This book intends to provide a comprehensive and updated insight into both the fundamentals of each class of EAP, and examples of the most significant applications of EAP actuators in the biomedical field, either already demonstrated or currently under development. Eor this purpose, the book comprises five sections devoted to the most technologically mature EAPs, namely polymer gels, ionic polymer-metal composites, conjugated polymers, piezoelectric/electrostrictive polymers and dielectric elastomers. Each section is... 

The k is also related to the coefficients measured under different conditions. For instance, the elastic compliance and (measured under constant field and charge, respectively) are related to each other as = (l - kl )sf. Thus, under different external electric boundary conditions, a polymer with a large k will see a large difference in the elastic compliance. This can be used to tune the elastic modulus of the polymeric material by varying the electric conditions. For example, the elastic compliance of the electrostrictive material decreases with the DC bias. Similarly, E33 = (1 — which means the... 

Concepts like piezoelectric, pyroelectric, ferroelectric, ferrielectric, antiferroelectric, paraelectric, electrostrictive, and several more, relate to distinct phenomena and are themselves interrelated. They are bound to appear in the description of liquid crystals and liquid crystal polymers, as they do in normal polymers and crystalline solids. Presently, great confusion is created by the uncritical use of these terms. For example, in the latest edition of the Encyclopedia Britannica [4] it is stated that pyroelectric-... 

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