Electrospray ionization resonance mass spectrometry

Kamel AM, Zandi KS, Massefski WW. 2003. Identification of the degradation product of ezlopitant, a non-peptidic substance P antagonist receptor, by hydrogen deuterium exchange, electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI/MS/MM) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. J Pharm Biomed Anal 31 1211. 

In recent years the application of electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometry, quadrupole time-of-flight (QqTOF) mass spectrometry, and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR) are used for further structural characterization of DOM (Kujawinski et al., 2002 Kim et al., 2003 Stenson et al., 2003 Koch et al., 2005 Tremblay et al., 2007 Reemtsma et al., 2008). MS/MS capabilities provide the screening for selected ions, and FT-ICR allows exact molecular formula determination for selected peaks. In addition, SEC can be coupled to ESI and FTICR-MS to study different DOM fractions. Homologous series of structures can be revealed, and many pairs of peaks differ by the exact masses of -H2, -O, or -CH2. Several thousand molecular formulas in the mass range of up to more than 600 Da can be identified and reproduced in element ratio plots (O/C versus H/C plots). Limitations of ESI used by SEC-MS are shown by These and Reemtsma (2003). 

Jensen, P. K., Pasa-Tolic, L., Anderson, G. A., Homer, J. A., Lipton, M. S., Bmce, J. E., and Smith, R. D. (1999). Probing proteomes using capillary isoelectric focusing-electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. Anal. Chem. 71, 2076-2084. 

Wunschel, D. S. Fox, K. F. Bruce, J. E. Muddiman, D. C. Smith, R. D. Analysis of double-stranded polymerase chain reaction products from the Bacillus cereus group by electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. Rapid Comm. Mass Spectrom 1996,10, 29-35. 

Leinweber, F.C., Schmid, D.G., Lubda, D., Wiesmuller, K., Jung, G., Tallarek, U. (2003). Silica-based monoliths for rapid peptide screening by capillary hquid chromatography hyphenated with electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun. Mass. Spectrom. 17, 1180-1188. 

J. S. Sampson, A. M. Hawkridge, and D. C. Muddiman. Generation and Detection of Multiply-Charged Peptides and Proteins by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Electrospray Ionization (MALDESI) Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry. J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom., 17(2006) 1712-1716. 

M. E. Belov, M. V. Gorshkov, H. R. Udseth, G. A. Anderson, and R. D. Smith. Zeptomole-Sensitivity Electrospray Ionization-Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry of Proteins. Anal. Chem., 72(2000) 2271-2279. 

Z. Wu, R.P. Rodgers and A.G. Marshall, Characterization of vegetable oils Detailed compositional fingerprints derived from electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry, J. Agric. Food Chem., 52 (2004) 5322-5328. 

Hughey, C.A. Hendrickson, C.L. Rodgers, R.P. Marshall, A.G. Elemental Composition Analysis of Processed and Unprocessed Diesel Fuel by Electrospray Ionization Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry. Energy Fuels 2001,15. 1186-1193. 

Akashi S., Takio K. Melittin-diacylphosphatidylcholine interaction examined by electrospray ionization fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. 

N. J. Haskins, C. Eckers, A. J. Organ, M. F. Dunk and B. E. Winger, The use of electrospray ionization with Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry in the analysis of trace impurities in a drag substance. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, 1995,9(11), 1027-1030. 

In 1974, Comarisov and Marshall60 developed Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTICR-MS). This technique allows mass spectrometric measurements at ultrahigh mass resolution (R = 100000-1000000), which is higher than that of any other type of mass spectrometer and has the highest mass accuracy at attomole detection limits. FTICR-MS is applied today together with soft ionization techniques, such as nano ESI (electrospray ionization) or MALDI (matrix assisted laser/desorption ionization) sources. 

Ziqiang Guan, J. M. L. (2001). Solvation of acylium fragment ions in electrospray ionization quadrupole ion trap and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. J. Mass Spectrom. 36 264-276. 

Koch, B. R, Witt, M., Engbrodt, R., Dittmar, T., and Kattner, G. (2005). Molecular formulae of marine and terrigenous dissolved organic matter detected by electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 69, 3299-3308. 

Kunenkov, E. V., Kononikhin, A. S., Perminova, I. V., Garmash, A. V., Popov, I. A., and Nikolaev, E. N. (2009). In search for optimum conditions of electrospray ionization of humic substances from natural waters using Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. Moscow Univ. Chemi. Bull. 50(2) (in press). 

Stenson, A., Landing, W. M., Marshall, A. G., and Cooper, W. T. (2002). Ionization and fragmentation of humic substances in electrospray ionization fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. Anal. Chem. 74,4397-4409. 

Technological advances of ion-trap mass spectrometers are the ultrahigh-resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) and the recently released technique, the Orbitrap Fourier transform mass spectrometry (Hu et al., 2005), which enable the determination of molecular formulae with a high mass resolution and mass accuracy in mixtures. Today these ion-trap mass spectrometers are most frequently coupled with atmospheric pressure ionization (API) techniques such as electrospray ionization (ESI) (e.g., Fievre et al., 1997 Qian et al., 2001 Kujawinski et al., 2002 Llewelyn et al., 2002 Stenson et al., 2002,2003 Fard et al., 2003) or matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) (e.g., Solouki et al.,... 

Fang, A. S. Vouros, P. Stacey, C. C. Kruppa, G. FL Laukien, F. FL Wintner, E. A. Carell, T. Rebek, J. Jr. 1998. Rapid characterization of combinatorial libraries using electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. Comb. Chem. High Throughput Screen, 1,23-33. 

Hendrickson, C L. and Emmet, M. R. (1999) Electrospray ionization Fourier Transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry, in Strauss, H. L., Babcock, G. T., and Leone, S. R. Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem. 50, 517-536. 

Solouki, T., Reinhold, B.B., Costello, C.E. et al. (1998) Electrospray ionization and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry of permethylated oligosaccharides. Anal. Chem., 70 (5), 857-64. 

The presence of pentosyUiexosides, trisaccharides and tetrasaccharides has been reported in different wines using positive- and negative-ion electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (Cooper and Marshall 2001). Nevertheless, at present there are still a number of minor carbohydrates in wines without a conclusive identification. 

Kujawinski, E. B., Del Vecchio, R., Blough, N. V., Klein, G. C., and Marshall, A. G. (2004). Probing molecular-level transformations of dissolved organic matter Insights on photochemical degradation and protozoan modification of DOM from electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. Mar. Chem. 92, 23—37. 

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