Electrophoresis chip-based

Effenhauser, CS Bruin, GJM Paulus, A, Integrated Chip-Based Capillary Electrophoresis, Electrophoresis 18, 2203, 1997. 

Fang, Q., Wang, F.-R., Wang, S.-L., Liu, S.-S., Xu, S.-K., and Fang, Z.-L., Sequential injection sample introduction microfluidic-chip based capillary electrophoresis system, Anal. Chim. Acta, 390, 27, 1999. 

Litbom, E., Emmer, A., and Roeraade, J., Chip-based nanovials for tryptic digest and capillary electrophoresis, Anal. Chim. Acta, 401, 11, 1999. 

Nelson, R. W., Nedelkov, D., and Tubbs, K. A. (2000). Biosensor chip mass spectrometry A chip-based proteomics approach. Electrophoresis 21, 1155-1163. 

Chip-based systems that employ microfluidics have become a popular research area and a number of systems are now available commercially that utilize electrophoresis-... 

Chip-based enantioseparations using an electrophoresis principle were presented by Gao et al. [59]. They used mono-, two-, and four-channel chips to develop chiral separations of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FlTC)-labeled basic compounds. To obtain the chiral separations, seven neutral CD were screened (i.e., a-CD, fi-CD, y-CD, HP-a-CD, HP-y-CD, and DM-fi-CD). Using the monochannel chip, the seven selectors were screened sequentially. Using the two-channel chip, between-channel repeatability could be demonstrated using the same separation conditions. Using two different selectors in the channels, the analysis time for the screening of the seven CD can be reduced to half, compared to the time needed in the monochannel... 

Deng, Y., Zhang, H., and Henion, J. (2001). Chip-based quantitative capillary electrophoresis/mass spectrometry determination of drugs in human plasma. Anal. Chem. 73, 1432—1439. 

Wang, J., M. Pumera, and G. Collins. A chip-based capillary electrophoresis-contactless conductivity microsystem for fast measurements of low-explosive ionic components. Analyst 127, 719-723 (2002). 

Although this section provides a brief description of most commonly nsed detectors for HPLC, most of the focus is on a few detection modes. Optical absorbance detectors remain the most widely nsed for HPLC, and are discnssed in some detail. We also focns on flnorescence, condnctivity, and electrochemical detection, as these methods were not widely nsed for HPLC in the past, bnt are especially well suited to micro- and nano-flow instrnments becanse of their high sensitivity in small sample volumes. Mass spectrometry has also come into wide and rontine nse in the last decade, but as it is the subject of another chapter, it will not be fnrther discnssed here. Miniaturization has been particularly important for capillary and chip-based electrophoresis, which often employs sub-nanoliter detection volnmes [36,37]. 

S. M. Lunte, Carbon paste-based electrochemical detectors for microchip capillary electrophoresis/electrochemistry, Analyst, 126 (2001) 277-280. A.J. Gawron, R.S. Martin and S.M. Lunte, Fabrication and evaluation of a carbon-based dual-electrode detector for poly(dimethylsiloxane) electrophoresis chips, Electrophoresis, 22 (2001) 242-248. 

U. Backofen, F.M. Matysik and C.E. Lunte, A chip-based electrophoresis system with electrochemical detection and hydrodynamic injection, Anal. Chem., 74 (2002) 4054-4059. 

Vrouwe, E. X. Gysler, J. Tjaden, U. R. van der Grccf, J. 2000. Chip-based capillary electrophoresis with an electrodeless nanospray interface. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom., 14,1682-1688. 

Effenhauser, C.S., Bruin, G.J.M., Paulus, A., Integrated chip-based capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 1997, 18, 2203-2213. 

Fang, Q., Xu, G.-M., Fang, Z.-L., High throughput continuous sample introduction interfacing for microfluidic chip-based capillary electrophoresis systems. Micro Total Analysis Systems, Proceedings 5th XTAS Symposium, Monterey, CA, Oct. 21-25, 2001, 373-374. 

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