Electrons repulsion and

Physically, the strength of the spring representing the bond is affected by a subtle balance of nuclear repulsions, electron repulsions and electron-nuclear attractions. None of these is affected by nuclear mass and, therefore, k is not affected by isotopic substitution. 

The small differences in stability between branched and unbranched alkanes result from an interplay between attractive and repulsive forces within a molecule (intramolecular forces). These forces are nucleus-nucleus repulsions, electron-electron repulsions, and nucleus-electron attractions, the sane set of fundamental forces we met when... 

The first term corresponds to electron-nuclear attraction, the second to electron-electron repulsion, and the third to nuclear-nuclear repulsion. 

Calculate the ratio of the number of electrons in a neutral xenon atom to the number in a neutral neon atom. Compare this number to the ratio of the atomic volumes of these two elements. On the basis of these two ratios, discuss the effects of electron-electron repulsions and electron-nuclear attractions on atomic size. 

Inter-electron Repulsion and Irregularities in the Chemistry of Transition Series... 

The aufbau principle must be obeyed when an electron is added to a neutral atom, so the electron goes into the most stable orbital available. Hence, we expect trends in electron affinity to parallel trends in orbital stability. However, electron-electron repulsion and screening are more important for negative ions than for neutral atoms, so there is no clear trend in electron affinities as ft increases. Thus, there is only one general pattern ... 

C09-0133. Among the halogens, only one known molecule has the formula X 7. It has pentagonal bipyramidal geometry, with five Y atoms in a pentagon around the central atom X. The other two Y atoms are in axial positions. Draw a ball-and-stick model of this compound. Based on electron-electron repulsion and atomic size, determine the identities of atoms X and Y. Explain your reasoning. (Astatine is not involved. This element is radioactive and highly unstable.)... 

Nuclear attraction, electron-electron repulsion, and exchange terms. 

Nuclear attraction, electron-electron repulsion and exchange terms. Using the Eqs. 6 and 7, these contributions are respectively written in terms of the quantity Wij(q) previously defined in Eq. 11 ... 

The surface of the substrate is not homogeneous, which presents two problems. First, both electronic repulsions and then steric restrictions promote adsorption at lower 9 and make it more difficult at higher 9. The influence of these problems... 

The two potential energy integrals, electron repulsion and nuclear attraction, are derived quite similarly. Both involve the Gaussian transformation... 

The first term on the right in equation 1.141 is repulsion between the two nuclei, the second term represents electron-electron repulsion, and the third and fourth terms are attraction effects between electrons and nuclei. If we subtract the coulombic energies of separate atoms from equation 1.141 ... 

A simple modification of the IAM model, referred to as the K-formalism, makes it possible to allow for charge transfer between atoms. By separating the scattering of the valence electrons from that of the inner shells, it becomes possible to adjust the population and radial dependence of the valence shell. In practice, two charge-density variables, P , the valence shell population parameter, and k, a parameter which allows expansion and contraction of the valence shell, are added to the conventional parameters of structure analysis (Coppens et al. 1979). For consistency, Pv and k must be introduced simultaneously, as a change in the number of electrons affects the electron-electron repulsions, and therefore the radial dependence of the electron distribution (Coulson 1961). 

Even in atoms in molecules which have no permanent dipole, instantaneous dipoles will arise as a result of momentary imbalances in electron distribution. Consider the helium atom, for example. It is extremely improbable that the two electrons in the Is orbital of helium will be diametrically opposite each other at all times. Hence there will be instantaneous dipoles capable of inducing dipoles in adjacent atoms or molecules. AnothCT way of looking at this phenomenon is to consider the electrons in two or more "nonpolar" molecules as synchronizing their movements (at least partially) to minimize electron-electron repulsion and maximize electron-nucleus attraction. Such attractions are extremely short ranged and weak, as are dipole-induced dipole forces. The energy of such interactions may be expressed as... 

Electron Repulsion and Bond Angles. Orbital Hybridization... 

ELECTRON REPULSION AND BOND ANGLES. ORBITAL HYBRIDIZATION... 

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