Electronics product trends

We all have needs, requirements, wants, and expectations. Needs are essential for life, to maintain certain standards, or essential for products and services, to fulfill the purpose for which they have been acquired. Requirements are what we request of others and may encompass our needs but often we don t fully realize what we need until after we have made our request. For example, now that we own a mobile phone we discover we really need hands-free operation when using the phone while driving a vehicle. Hence our requirements at the moment of sale may or may not express all our needs. Our requirements may include wants - what we would like to have but do not need nice to have but not essential. Expectations are implied needs or requirements. They have not been requested because we take them for granted - we regard them to be understood within our particular society as the accepted norm. They may be things to which we are accustomed, based on fashion, style, trends, or previous experience. Hence one expects sales staff to be polite and courteous, electronic products to be safe and reliable, policemen to be honest, etc. 

Table 5 (column 3) shows the effect of ultrasound upon the product ratio from methanol/pyridine. There is now 53% bibenzyl, 32% methyl ether, and 6% methyl ester (with total 5% of other products), suggesting only a slight shift towards the two-electron products, but with an overall diminution of solvent discharge and side reactions. Phenyl acetate electrooxidation, however, is known to favor the one-electron route to bibenzyl in a wide range of conditions [188], and to be much less sensitive to mechanistic switches by manipulation of parameter than is cyclohexane carboxylate electrooxidation [180]. This trend remains even under ultrasound. 

The special challenges in electronics production result from the comparatively rapid innovation of microelectronics. The continuing trend toward further integration at the component level leads to permanently decreasing structure sizes at the board level. 

Powder Preparation. The goal in powder preparation is to achieve a ceramic powder which yields a product satisfying specified performance standards. Examples of the most important powder preparation methods for electronic ceramics include mixing/calcination, coprecipitation from solvents, hydrothermal processing, and metal organic decomposition. The trend in powder synthesis is toward powders having particle sizes less than 1 p.m and Httie or no hard agglomerates for enhanced reactivity and uniformity. Examples of the four basic methods are presented in Table 2 for the preparation of BaTiO powder. Reviews of these synthesis techniques can be found in the Hterature (2,5). 

In the second part of the 20th century, the tantalum capacitor industry became a major consumer of tantalum powder. Electrochemically produced tantalum powder, which is characterized by an inconsistent dendrite structure, does not meet the requirements of the tantalum capacitor industry and thus has never been used for this purpose. This is the reason that current production of tantalum powder is performed by sodium reduction of potassium fluorotantalate from molten systems that also contain alkali metal halides. The development of electronics that require smaller sizes and higher capacitances drove the tantalum powder industry to the production of purer and finer powder providing a higher specific charge — CV per gram. This trend initiated the vigorous and rapid development of a sodium reduction process. 

PMR) trends that correspond to relative rates.179 From an examination of the displacement of chloride from l-chloro-5-nitrofuran by potassium iodide in acetic acid or by sodium sulfide in water it was concluded that the substitution need not be a true nucleophilic substitution. Initially there could be a transfer of one electron from the nucleophile to the furan nucleus the resultant radical anion loses chloride to form a furyl radical and product.179... 

The facile nitration of a wide variety of ketones with TNM in Table 2 is illustrative of the synthetic utility of enol silyl ethers in facilitating a-substitution of carbonyl derivatives. It is necessary to emphasize here that the development of a strong charge-transfer (orange to red) coloration immediately upon the mixing of various ESEs with TNM invariably precedes the actual production of a-nitroketones in the thermal nitration (in the dark). The increasing conversion based on the time/yields listed in Table 2 qualitatively follows a trend in which electron-rich ESE from 6-methoxy-a-tetralone reacts faster than the relatively electron-poor ESE from cyclohexanone. 

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