Electron ownership

Oxidation (Sections 7.8, 10.9) A reaction that causes a decrease in electron ownership by carbon, either by bond formation between carbon and a more electronegative atom (usually oxygen, nitrogen, or a halogen) or by bondbreaking between carbon and a less electronegative atom (usually hydrogen). 

Formal charge (FC) indicates electron "ownership" in a molecule. 

Reduction (Section 8.5) A reaction that causes an increase of electron ownership by carbon, either by bond-breaking... 

To assign a formal charge, we establish the ownership of the valence electrons of an atom in a molecule and compare that ownership with the free atom. An atom owns one electron of each bonding pair attached to it and owns its lone pairs completely. The most plausible Lewis structure will be the one in which the formal charges of the atoms are closest to zero. 

Electronic and paper records Effect of change in ownership of either organization Duration of record retention Ownership of intellectual property Confidentiality Security... 

Present-day shared electron-pair theory is based on the premise that the s2p6 octet in the outermost shells of the noble gas elements above helium represents a particularly favorable configuration. This is not because of any mysterious properties of octets (or of noble gas elements) by allowing each nucleus to claim half-ownership of a shared electron, more electrons are effectively seeing more nuclei, leading to increased electro-... 

Assigning formal charge to atoms in a molecule is helpful in showing where the electrons in a bond are located. Even if a bond is polar covalent, in some molecules the electrons "belong" more to one of the atoms than the other. This "ownership" is useful for predicting the outcomes of chemical reactions, as we will see in later chapters. 

The Data Handling and Record Retention section of the protocol will address the requirement to maintain data (whether on a paper CRF or using an electronic data collection tool (DCT)) of each trial subject. It will address expectations of ownership of the completed CRF data, the investigator s responsibility to ensure accuracy and completeness of data recording. This section will also address the requirements for retention of records at the trial site in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulatory requirements. 

The security of documents from an intellectual property (IP) standpoint is at the very least questionable. This applies particularly to patent relevant fields. According to U.S. patent policy, the date of invention is relevant for deciding who is the patent owner. This is different, for instance, from the European patent policy, where the date of filing the patent with the European Patent Office constitutes the patent ownership. However, creating documents on a local file system does usually not ensure the appropriate time stamp and does not allow applying electronic signatures, both of which are necessary for patent relevant documentation. 

Diversified films, photopolymers, electronic materials, polyester intermediates, and COMSOL, a coal operation with 50% Du Pont ownership... 

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