Electron micrograph development, figure

FIGURE 9.2 This high-resolution electron micrograph shows the unique pore structure of the ZSM-5 zeolite catalyst. Molecules such as methanol and hydrocarbons can he catalytically converted within the pores to valuable fuels and lubricant products. Courtesy, Mobil Research and Development Corporation. 

The macrostructure of the boron nitride obtained here is porous with pores 2 pm in diameter. There is no evidence for microporosity and the BET surface area 1s 35 m2 g-1. Transmission electron micrographs (Figure 4) show regions of well developed crystallinity. The crystalling grains are 5—10 nm on a side and 30-40 nm long. The BN (002) lattice fringes are clearly visible. 

Figure 4. Scanning electron micrographs of patterns in a 0.8-fim PFEMA film exposed to synchrotron radiation from the French electron synchrotron ACO in Orsay (exposure time 2.5 times shorter than that required for PMMA) and developed in a MIBK/IPA 4 1 mixture at20°C for ISO s...

Recent developments have allowed atomic force microscopic (AFM) studies to follow the course of spherulite development and the internal lamellar structures as the spherulite evolves [206-209]. The major steps in spherulite formation were followed by AFM for poly(bisphenol) A octane ether [210,211] and more recently, as seen in the example of Figure 12 for a propylene 1-hexene copolymer [212] with 20 mol% comonomer. Accommodation of significant content of 1-hexene in the lattice allows formation and propagation of sheaf-like lamellar structure in this copolymer. The onset of sheave formation is clearly discerned in the micrographs of Figure 12 after crystallization for 10 h. Branching and development of the sheave are shown at later times. The direct observation of sheave and spherulitic formation by AFM supports the major features that have been deduced from transmission electron and optical microscopy. The fibrous internal spherulite structure could be directly observed by AFM. 

Figure 7. Scanning Electron Micrograph of a self-developed image of polymer 9...

Figure 24. Electron micrographs of 1.2 pm lines in a positive photoresist exposed on a reflective substrate and developed in standard photoresist developer. (Reproduced with permission from Ref. 32)...

Figure 1. Electron Micrograph of the Developing Haustorium of Striga asiatica. (Courtesy of Dr. Vance Baird).

Figure 3. Cracks in thick cross-linked methacrylate resist films cured at 100°C for 1 h, exposed at 7 ixC/crn at 10 kV and developed for 5 min in methyl isobutyl ketone. Key a, optical micrograph and b, scanning electron micrograph (viewed...

Figure 7. Scanning transmission scanning electron micrograph of a test pattern developed in a 30 nm thick layer of PMMA. Pattern was written with an electron beam with a diameter below 1 nm. The narrowest lines are 10 nm wide. Minimum linewidth and center-to-center spacing is limited by straggling of secondary electrons into the resist.

Figure 10.5 shows scanning electron micrographs of blend samples that were prepared as described in the Experimental Section . The etchant preferentially attacks polyethylene, producing a topography in which the polystyrene-rich domains are raised above the polyethylene domains. The interlamellar amorphous material provides a location for styrene to penetrate and polymerize. A considerable amount of polystyrene is present in the center of the spherulites. This is due either to amorphous polyethylene that is present in these locations or to voids that develop during crystallization... 

Figure 8.13 Scanning electron micrograph of spray-dried PulmoSol particles (left) and PulmoSpheres particles (right), both developed by Nektar Therapeutics. [From Peart and Clarke (2001). Reproduced with permission from Russell Publishing.]...

Figure 5.12. Lateral fusion of collagen fibrils during fascicle development of chick extensor tendon. Transmission electron micrograph showing the lateral fusion of collagen fibrils at day 17 of chick embryogenesis. Note that the demarcation between collagen fibrils (arrows) is less clear compared to the cross section shown at day 14 (Figure 5.11). Several fibrils appear to be in the process of fusion generating fibrils with irregular cross sections. The fibril bundle (fiber) diameter is still about 2 pm before fusion similar to that observed on day 14 (see Silver et al., 2003).

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