Electron diffraction and transmission

Besides the expected glassy carbon structure, the resulting product often contained considerable amounts of needle-like material that was determined to have a three-dimensional graphitic structure. The graphitic whiskers resulting from the experiments were usually a few microns long and about 1 (tm thick. Electron diffraction and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed the twinned structure of the whiskers. The angle between the layers was measured to be about 135°. 

Takayanagi K, Tanishiro Y, Takahashi M and Takahashi S 1985 Structural analysis of Si(111)-7 7 by UFIV-transmission electron diffraction and microscopy J. Vac. Sot Technol. A 3 1502... 

There is great interest in developing molecular precursors for boron-nitrogen polymers and boron nitride solid state materials, and one general procedure is described in this report. Combinations of B-trichloroborazene and hexamethyldisilazane lead to formation of a gel which, upon thermolysis, gives hexagonal boron nitride. The BN has been characterized by infrared spectroscopy, x-ray powder diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. 

Roth, C., Martz, N., and Fuess, H., Characterization of different Pt-Ru catalysts by x-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 3, 315,2001. 

Transmission Electron Microscopy/Electron Diffraction and X-Ray Powder Diffraction... 

Single-bilayer phosphatidylcholine (14) vesicles Magnetic particles prepared in situ from Fe2+/Fe3+ by OH Particles were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, electron diffraction, and X-ray microanalysis morphologies of intravesicular particles (spherical or disk-shaped) differed from those precipitated in bulk (acircular) 791... 

The electrolysis of the studied systems was carried out in the same cell as voltammetry measurements under the mode of either constant current or voltage. In the constant current mode, the applied current density was in the range of 0.01 0.2 A/ sm2 with reference to the surface area of the cathode before starting the electrolysis. Semi-immersed glassy carbon plate electrodes (cathode area - 5 sm2, anode area - 10 sm2) were used while electrolysis experiments. A powder product was either settled down onto the crucible bottom or assembled on the cathode in the view of electrolytic pear . The deposit was separated from salts by successive leaching with hot water. Thereafter, the precipitate was washed with distilled water by decantation method several times and dried to a constant mass at 100 - 150 °C. The electrolysis products were analyzed by chemical and X-ray phase analyses, methods of electron diffraction and electronic microscopy (transmission and scanning). 

Intercalated and partially exfoliated PVC-clay nanocomposites were produced by melt blending in the presence and absence of DOP and characterised by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The effects of various factors, including volume fraction of clay, plasticiser content, melt compounding time and annealing, on nanocomposite structure and the thermal and mechanical properties of the nanocomposites were also examined. It was found that the best mechanical properties were achieved at 2% clay loading and 5 to 10% DOP loading. 18 refs. 

Wicker-shaped silver partieles are obtained by interface reduction during the extraction process. The primary amine N1923 is used as extractant and reductant of silver. The silver particles were characterized by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. It is shown that silver particles are wicker-shaped and uniformly dispersed and the wicker-shaped silver is composed by spherical particles of silver average diameter ca. lOnm. 

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