Electron beam furnace

Figure 2 3.5 KW electron beam furnace components (a) Water-cooled furnace block (b) Copper hearth (c) Cooling pipes (d) Top plate of furnace (earth potential) (e) Filament (f) Focus lid (g) Lid (h) High-tension supply (i) Low-tension supply (j) Ceramic insulators (k) Cooling pipes for top plate (1) locating stud for hearth adjustment and (m) Water conduit.

Vacuum or controlled environment (inert gas) furnaces including induction, arc, plasma and electron beam furnaces, capable of operation above 700°C and especially designed power supplied therefor. 

Rotatable units offering various options for vapor sources, reaction vessesls, vacuum stations and ligand inlet configurations are offered commercially.(17,18,27) The Planar apparatus(17) utilizes a variable pitch, 5"-45"-horizontal 10 L glass flask which accepts single, twin and mixed vapor sources like those provided for its static models. The hybridized resistive/electron beam furnace... 

Figure 6. Graphite crucible for lining water-cooled copper hearths of reverse polarity electron beam furnaces.

The electron-beam furnace is widely used industrially, and offers good temperature control and the ability to vaporize metals, non-metals, and ceramics at temperatures of up to 4000 °C. Such a furnace was originally used by Green and Young in a rotary apparatus vide infra) for the synthesis of bis(77-arene)titanium complexes. The essential features of the furnace are shown in Figure 6. 

Figure 6 Schematic of electrostatically focused electron-beam furnace.

Figure 8 Twin electron-beam furnaces with skeieton iids.

Figure 20 shows commercial, rotating MVS machines equipped with twin electron-beam furnaces, suitable for both co-condensation reactions and condensation of metal vapors into solutions (Section 1.08.6.2). 

Finally, Figure 23 shows a large-scale, cryopumped system with a 751 metal reactor (discussed in Section 1.08.5.2) and a 10 kW electron-beam furnace. This apparatus is capable of synthesizing [Ti(7 -C6HsMe)2] on a scale of 20g/run and [W(t -C6H 5X10)2] on a scale of 5-7 g/run. ... 

Development of +ve hearth electron-beam furnace bis( 7-benzene)tungsten (1978) ... 

Fig. 10.1 Metal atom reactor. A - Glass reaction vessel. B - Electron beam furnace, model EBSl, G.V. Planer Ltd. C - Vapour beam of metal atoms. D - Co-condensate of metal and substrate vapours. E - Heat shield. F - Furnace cooling water pipes. G - Electrical lead for substrate solution dispersion device. H - Furnace electrical leads. J - Substrate inlet pipe (vapour). K - Substrate inlet pipes (solution). M - Rotation of reaction vessel. N - To vacuum rotating seal, service vacuum lead troughs and pumping systems. 0-Level of coolant (usually liquid nitrogen). P-Capped joint for product extraction. 0-Substrate vapour dispersion device. R-Substrate vapour beam. (From Green, M.L.H., 1980, /. Organomet. Chem., 300, 119.)...

Titanium is obtained by the reduction of its tetrachloride by magnesium, in the form of a metal sponge. This sponge is then melted under vacuum, either in a consumable electrode arc furnace or in an electron beam furnace. The titanium sponge has an oxygen content of 500 to 1500 / g/g. 

---