Electromechanical materials medical

Additionally, this is a spot-free drying technique that leaves no trace of moisture on the material surface, which is especially important when drying films, plastics, polished metals, ceramics, and so forth. So far, displacement drying has found application in the field of electronics (printed circuit boards, relays, semiconductors, TV tubs), optics (eyeglass frames and lenses, films, cameras), electromechanics (copiers, electric motors), and mechanics (tools, cutlery, medical instruments). According to Devine (1980), in 1980 there were over 600 drying systems in operation in Europe, ranging in capacity from 40 liters to several cubic meters. 

Poly(3HB) and poly(3HB-co-3HV) are piezoelectric materials, whereas the piezoelectric properties of other PHAs have not been investigated (Steinbuchel 1996). The piezoelectric materials produce electric charges on parts of their surface when mechanical pressure is applied to the crystalline material, and an electric current will result from the charges if the crystal is short circuited. Conversely, application of a voltage between certain faces of the material produces a mechanical distortion (a deformation) of the material. Piezoelectric materials have important applications in electromechanical transducers, such as microphones. In medicine, chemically synthesized piezoelectric polymers such as polyvinylidene fluoride stimulated bone growth. The piezoelectric property of poly(3HB) may be important for some medical applications (Steinbuchel 1996). 

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