Electromagnetic millimeter-wave

Atmospheric attenuation properties of millimeter waves can be important, especially in specific bands. Electromagnetic waves effectively pass through the atmosphere without significant losses over much of the spectmm, including many portions of the microwave, millimeter-wave, IR, and optical bands. However, significant absorption because of water vapor or other atmospheric constituents does occur over several narrow frequency bands in the millimeter-wave band and is extremely significant over much of the terahertz band. Atmospheric attenuation is covered in detail in Section 4.6. 

The lateral image resolution is defined by the ability of the imaging system to differentiate between two point objects separated by a small distance. The minimum distance at which the objects can be successfully differentiated is defined to be the resolution. The resolution for millimeter-wave imaging systems is limited by diffraction of the electromagnetic waves. Two objects can be resolved by an imaging system if the phase variation across the aperture differs by at least 2tt radians or one cycle [54], This definition leads to an angular resolution of... 

Illinger, K.H. "Interaction between Microwave and Millimeter-Wave Electromagnetic Fields and Biological Systems Molecular Mechanisms", in "Biological Effects and Health Hazards of Microwave Radiation", Proc. Intern. Symposium, Czerski, P. et. al., Eds. (Polish Medical Publishers Warsaw, 1974) p. 160. 

Illinger, K.H. "Millimeter-Wave and Far-Infrared Absorption in Biological Systems", in "The Physical Basis of Electromagnetic Interactions with Biological Systems", Proceedings of a Workshop Univ. of Maryland, Taylor,- L.S Cheung, A.Y. Eds., June 1977, p. 43. 

Fliflet AW (2008) Self-consistent electromagnetic-thermal model for calculating the temperature of a ceramic cylinder irradiated by a high-power millimeter-wave beam. IEEE... 

Pure rotation spectra can be observed by direct absorption of electromagnetic radiation or by Fourier transform methods, working in the far-IR, millimeter wave or microwave regions of the spectrum, corresponding to wavelengths from 0.05-60 mm (200 to 0.16 cm 6000 to 5 GHz). The lines are extremely narrow, and their positions can also be measured with extreme precision because the source is very stable, so a typical line position of 30 GHz (3 x 10 ° Hz) ean be measurable to zhlOkHz, or one part in 3 million. 

On the basis of the presented oscillator-wave model it is also possible to create heuristic models of the interaction of electromagnetic waves with plasma particles in the Earth s ionosphere and magnetosphere, heuristic models of the generation of powerful low-frequency waves in the space around the Earth when a cosmic electromagnetic background is present etc. High-efficient sub-millimeter emitter, built on this basis, could be suitable for radio-physical heating of plasma, e.g. in the experiments aimed the achievement of controlable thermonuclear reaction [ ] ... 

Finally, in this section, possible frequencies for the excitation of coherent vibrations should be considered. Originally special reference was made to membrane oscillations as their high polarization will then yield coherent electric oscillations (cf. Ref. 7, with earlier literature). Since the thickness of a membrane is about 10" cm and its elastic constant is equivalent to a velocity of sound of about lO cm/s, a frequency of the order of 10 Hz was expected, corresponding to electromagnetic waves in the millimeter region. When based on proteins or DNA, however, both higher and lower frequencies may be expected. 

Figure 10-2 The spectrum of electromagnetic radiation. The top line is an energy scale, in units of kilocalories per mole (kilojoules per mole in parentheses), increasing from right to left. The next line contains the corresponding wave-numbers, V, in units of reciprocal centimeters. The types of radiation associated with the principal types of spectroscopy and the transitions induced by each type are given in the middle. A wavelength scale is at the bottom (A, in units of nanometers, 1 nm = 10 m micrometers, 1 /um = 10 m millimeters, mm and meters, m). AE (kcal mol" ) = 28,600/A (nm).

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