Electrolytes trimethyl phosphate

Wang, X. Yasukawa, E. Kasuya, S. Nonflammable trimethyl phosphate solvent-containing electrolytes for lithium-ion batteries I. Fundamental properties. J. Electrochem. Soc. 2001,148, A1058. 

The VC was first explored as an electrolyte solvent,which affords a good electrolytic conductivity due to its extremely high relative permittivity (e = 127). However, it became a typical compound as an anode passivation film-forming agent, after it was found that the addition of a small amount of VC suppressed gas evolution during the initial charge with the enhanced cycle efficiency, and protected the decomposition of reduction-susceptible solvents such as trimethyl phosphate (TMP). The excellent stability of the passivating layeE was demonstrated by the fact that the addition of 1 wt% of VC in 1 M LiPE /EC + DMC + DEC (33 33 33 wt%) improved the cycle life of commercial lithium-ion polymer ceUs. ... 

Vin/lene carbonate (VC) to enable graphite discharge, vinyl benzoate (VB) or dimethyl fumartate (DMF) to raise coulombic efficiency Trimethyl phosphate (TMP) Non-flammable Solvent), LiPFe The chosen electrolyte 1 M LiPF / TMP+HFE-tVC+DMF (44 40 8 8 HFE = a fluorinated ether and its purpose Is to avoid a thermal runaway at elevated temperatures, 169... 

Trimethyl phosphate (TMP) has widespread industrial uses as a fire retardant in plastics production, thus TMP-based electrolytes might be expected to exhibit good performance with no risk of flame. Wang et al. [40] introduced the mechanism underlying flame retardation as follows ... 

Yao XL, Xie S, Chen CH, Wang QS, Sun JH, Li YL, Lu SX (2005) Cranparative study of trimethyl phosphate and trimethyl phosphate as electrolyte additives in lithium ion batteries. J Power Sourc 144 170-175... 

The separation of As species (As(in), As(V), MMAs(V), DMAs(V), AsB, AsC) has also been accomplished by CE (electrolyte in the pH range 5.6 11.2 phosphate, triethanolamine or borate buffers), but only in simple aqueous matrices. Online hydride generation in capillary effluent has been proposed to increase transport efficiency. SFC has been nsed only for nonpolar As compounds, like trimethyl-, triphenylarsine, and triphenylarsine oxide. ... 

When a sample is dissolved, the phosphorus usually passes into solution as P(V). Rather than isolate the phosphate, it is often better to isolate the interfering elements, leaving the phosphate to be determined in the mother liquor. Examples of such separations include distillation of Si, As, and Ge as volatile halides [1] or of boron as trimethyl borate [2], precipitation of heavy metals as sulphides from an acid medium, retention of cations on a strongly acidic cation exchanger, and electrolytic separation of metals. 

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