Electrokinetic flow pattern

Induced-Charge Electrokinetic Motion of Particle in a MicroChannel, Fig. 8 Fluorescent particles with a diameter of 1.90 pm are used to visualize the induced-charge electrokinetic flow pattern around a carbon-steel... 

Fig. 3 Sequences of a microvalve which is operated by induced-charge electrokinetics using a heterogeneous particle inside it. The flow pattern and vortices are shown by plotted streamlines. The normalized vectors show the direction of the fluid. The diameter of the heterogeneous particle and the microchamber are 20 and 40 pm, respectively. The height of the microchamber is 40 pm. The results are presented at the x-z plane crossing the middle of the 3D microvalve at different time steps. The zeta potential on the nonconducting hemisphere of the heterogeneous particle is set to —50 mV, while the zeta potentials on the nonconducting microchannel and microchamber walls are set to —15 mV...

Figure 7.8 Modification of mixing channel for chaotic advection at low Pe (a) slanted ribs, (b) slanted grooves [74, 75], (c) staggered-herringbone grooves [74, 75], (d) patterns on both top and bottom of the mixing channel, (e) groove pattern vertical to mail flow, and (f) one of patterns for surface modification in a micromixer with electrokinetic flows [80].

Interfacial Electrokinetic Flow, Figure 8 Electrohydrodynamically induced surface recirculation, (a) Schematic depiction of the experimental setup, (b) Schematic illustration of the corona wind mechanism by which bulk electrohydrodynamic air thrust is generated, (c) Liquid recirculation patterns are generated depending on the orientation of the sharp electrode tip. After Yeo et al. [18,19]... 

Li and Harrison carried out the first cell assay in microchannels [2]. This seminal work made use of electrokinetically driven flow (electroosmosis and electrophoresis) to transport bacteria, yeast, and mammalian cells in channels and to implement low-volume chemical lysis (cell death). This theme of microfluidics-based cell transport, sorting, and lysis has continued to be a popular application, as well as related work in using microfluidics to culture cells and to pattern them into structures. The utility of these methods is acknowledged (and that they are featured in several good reviews [1] and other entries in the encyclopedia) but focuses here on describing microfluidics-based cell assays that fit the definition described above - application of a stimulus and measurement of a response. 

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