Electrogenerative processes

RJ Alpern. (1985). Mechanism of basolateralmembrane II -OH /IICOL transport in the rat proximal convoluted tubule. A sodium-coupled electrogenic process. J Gen Physiol 86 613-636. 

The transport process is electrogenic if the export of one molecule coupled with the import of another molecule yields a net charge difference across the membrane. In general terms, transfer of A3- from the matrix and A3- into the matrix yields a net negative charge on the cytoplasmic side of the membrane. Electrogenic processes are driven by the membrane potential (A P). 

Electrogenerative processes. Processes can be devised in which some wastes act as a fuel for a fuel cell, the corresponding cathodic process being the electroreduction of oxygen. Electricity is the by-product. Contaminated kerosene and industrial alcohol wastes would lend themselves profitably to such a pathway. 

The initiation of an electrogenic process causes an adjustment of the passive ionic fluxes across the membrane. In particular, the net charge actively brought in is soon electrically compensated by appropriate passive movements of that ion and other ions into or out of the cell. The actual electrical potential difference across the membrane then results from the diffusion potential caused by these new passive fluxes plus a steady-state contribution from the electrogenic process involving the active transport of various charged species. We can represent the electrical potential difference generated by the active transport of species/, atj, by... 

The distinction between electrogenerative and fuel cell processes is made only to accentuate the emphasis of the latter on energy generation, regardless of usefulness of the reaction products. Electrogenerative processes, on the... 

Other hand, aim at the formation of useful chemicals, with possible energy recovery or conservation as a bonus (16, 17, 33, 52-54. Thus, complete oxidation of hydrocarbons to COj would yield maximum energy output and is considered to be a fuel cell process. Incomplete, selective oxidation of an alkene to an aldehyde, however, would qualify as an electrogenerative process, since energy is sacrificed for the sake of production of an intermediate oxidation product. 

For electrogenerative processing it is often necessary to use a different, more selective catalyst than that used in fuel cells. Although the extensive screening of various electrocatalysts for fuel cells (3-13 can provide useful guidelines for choosing selective electrocatalysts, the specificity of such catalysts is not well characterized, with few exceptions (28, 29, 31, 54. ... 

The reduction of NO to produce ammonia, N2O and hydroxylamine is thermodynamically allowed (see Table 1) and electrochemically viable [13,14]. On this basis, an electrogenerative process has been proposed whereby NO reacts in a cell with protons and electrons at one electrode and H2 at the other electrode to generate current [11]. Note that this configuration resembles that of a fuel cell (although the reactions are not necessarily the same), and the corresponding technology can be borrowed from that field. Electrogenerative processes can be defined as those in which favorable thermodynamic and kinetic factors are utilized for the production of coupled electrode reactions that take place in separate compartments in an... 

Yap CY, Mohamed N (2008) Electrogenerative processes for environmental appheations. Clean 36 443-452... 

Acyclic oligoamides, 167-168,170/ Advancing front model, description, 116 Alkali metal cation facilitated transport through supported liquid membranes with fatty acids electrogenic processes, 79-81 electroneutral transport, 76-80 experimental description, 77 kinetics, 81-85... 

Kaulen, A.D., Electrogenic processes and protein conformational changes accompanying the bacteriorhodopsin photocycle, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1460, 204, 2000. 

Whole cells have been shown to accumulate amino acids, phosphate and K upon illumination (Hellingwerf et al., 1975 1982). The driving force for phosphate transport varied with the external pH. At pH 8 Pi transport is exclusively dependent on Aip, whereas at pH 6 only the ApH component is a driving force. Potassium transport is an electrogenic process (Hellingwerf et al., 1982). 

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