Electroencephalography , sleep

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Q4 An electroencephalogram (EEG) is a recording of electrical activity arising from the cortical surface of the brain. It is recorded from scalp electrodes on 16 channels simultaneously. The technique is non-invasive and is not painful. The main uses of electroencephalography are to investigate sleep and its disorders and to diagnose epilepsy. The wave/spike patterns produced can be analysed to reveal alterations in or to localize areas of the specific electrical activity associated with seizures. The EEG can also be used medico-legally to determine whether a person is actually brain dead . 

Briefly, evaluation of the effects of hypnotics on sleep physiology and sleep architecture, as measured by electroencephalography, has received increased attention. Continuous all-night electrophysiological measurement of sleep termed polysomnography (PSG) has made it possible to evaluate the action of hypnotics on sleep. PSG assessment as a means of evaluating the hypnotic effects of a drug candidate is now required by the U.S. FDA. 

The various sleep stages are analysed in specialised sleep laboratories with the help of polysomnography (PSG), which includes electroencephalography (EEG brain waves), electro-optigraphy (EOG eye movement), electromyography (EMG muscle activity), and electrocardiography (ECG heart rhythm) measurements (Sarny et al., 2014). 

Nervous system In a comparison of the effects of single doses of melatonin 2-6 mg and chloral hydrate on sleep electroencephalography in a randomized study of 348 children aged 1 month to 6 years, melatonin was well tolerated and associated with less drowsiness than chloral hydrate [48 ]. Two of those who took melatonin developed diarrhea and two developed agitation, but there was insufficient information to assess causality. 

A 6-year-old girl with ADHD and pervasive developmental disorder and behavioural problems who was treated with Depakote (valproic acid) and had an abnormal electrocardiogram (ECG) with left Centro parietal spikes experienced a convulsion the day after the first administration of a methylphenidate dose. A repeat electroencephalography demonstrated continuous spike and slow wave during sleep [73 ]. 

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