Electrodynamic ion trap

Quantum errors. A quantum computer can never be regarded as perfectly isolated in all the experimental setups which have been considered (optical photon, optical cavity quantum electrodynamics, ion traps, NMR,... 

Various hybrid tandem mass spectrometers, which combine two or more distinct types of mass analyzers, have been developed to maximize analytical performance and functionality. From the standpoint of ion/ion reactions, the incorporation of an electrodynamic ion trap into a hybrid instrument allows for the physical separation of the three basic steps involved in an ion/ion reaction experiment, that is, ionization, ion/ion reaction, and mass analysis of reaction products. The separation of these processes provides for the highest degree of flexibility and minimal compromises in the optimization of each step. To date, three major types of hybrid instrnments have been described for ion/ion reaction studies using an electrodynamic ion trap as the reaction vessel. The three major types of hybrid instruments are (i) quadrupole/TOF tandem mass spectrometer (ii) Orbitrap and (iii) LIT /FT-ICR. 

Liang, X.R. Xia, Y. McLuckey, S.A. Alternately pulsed nanoelectrospray ionization/ atmospheric pressure chemical ionization for ion/ion reactions in an electrodynamic ion trap. Ana/. Chem. 2006, 78, 3208-3212. 

See Volume 5, Chapter 1 lon/Ion Reactions in Electrodynamic Ion Traps by Jian Liu and Scott A. McLuckey. 

Splendore, M. Marquette, E. Oppenheimer, J. Huston, C. Wells, G.J. A new ion ejection method employing an asymmetric trapping field to improve the mass scanning performance of an electrodynamic ion trap. Int. J. Mass Spectrom. 1999,190/191, 129-143. 

In Chapter 1 is presented a review of the instrumental requirements for the study of ion/ion reactions. Particular emphasis is given to the use of an electrodynamic ion trap for the study of multiply-protonated peptide molecules with anions. The trapped ions assume characteristic sets of m/z-dependent frequencies of motion in the oscillating quadrupole field of the ion trap, which allows ready manipulation of ions for ion isolation and activation, both of which are common elements in a tandem mass spectrometric experiment. The tandem-in-time nature of the ion trap MS" experiment provides well-defined conditions for ion/ion reactions and permits determination of ion genealogy. A bath gas, such as helium at ca 1 mTorr, intended originally to cool the ions to the center of the trap so as to enhance both sensitivity and mass resolution upon mass analysis, improves ion/ion reaction efficiencies by maximizing the spatial overlap and minimizing the translational energies of the two ion clouds. 

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