Silver, electrodeposition

Metal-polymer fractal interfaces may result from processes such as vacuum deposition and chemical vapor deposition where metal atoms can diffuse considerable distances into the polymer. Mazur et al. [76,77] electrodeposited silver within a polyimide film. The Silver [I] solution was able to diffuse into the polymer film where it... 

The experimental verification of the above discussion is given by the consideration of the morphology of electrodeposited silver from 0.50 M AgNOs in 0.20 M HNO3 on the graphite electrode at different overpotentials of deposition and with different deposition times [116]. In Fig. 2.43a, the deposit obtained at an overpotential of 100 mV during 180 s is shown. 

Smith J, Ogbum F, Bechtoldt CJ (1968) Multiple twin stmctures in electrodeposited silver dendrites. J Electrochem Soc 115 371-374... 

Pavlovic MG, Maksimovic MD, Popov KI, Krsul MB (1978) The effect of pulsating overpotential on the morphology of electrodeposited silver powder particles. J Appl Electrochem 8 61-65... 

Dobrovolska TS, Krastev I, Zielonka A (2010) Pattern formation in electrodeposited Silver-Cadmium alloys. ECS Trans 25 1-9... 

Electronics. Due to its high conductivity, both electrical and thermal, and low surface contact resistance, electrodeposited silver is also used for making electric contacts. 

From another point of view, efforts are devoted to optimize the silver catalyst in terms of its shape, size, and morphology and in view of its support on a low-cost matrix. In fact, though the most fundamental studies involve the use of a silver rod for common voltammetric measurements, electrodeposited silver and silver micro- and nanoparticles have been considered as well [9]. 

Here, n = 1. If the current passed, I, is constant, then Q = It, with t the time in seconds of deposition. Since the electrodeposited silver can be weighed, and the atomic weight of silver is known ( 108 gmol ), F is easily inferred from Faraday s laws of electrolysis. 

The polymer-metal interface shown in Fig. was derived from an electron micrograph obtained by Mazur and Reich.They electrodeposited silver from a silver ion solution diffusing through a polyimide film. Particles not connected to the diffusion source were removed by computer analysis. The deposited silver particles essentially "decorate the concentration profile and permit the diffusion front to be observed. A 1000-A thin slice was used to aproximate two dimensional diffusion. The fractal dimension of this interface was determined by computer analysis to be approximately 1.7. Similar ramified interface fronts are created by vapor deposition of metal atoms on polymers and by certain ion bombardment treatments of polymer surfaces. The fractal front is fairly insensitive to the details of the concentration profile. However, strong chemical potential gradients in asymmetric interfaces may promote a more planar, less ramified structure. The fractal characteristics of polymer interfaces... 

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