Electrodeposition sample addition

Air (particulate lead) Collection of sample onto filter addition of206Pb to filter dissolution of filter in NaOH acidification separation of lead by electrodeposition dissolution in acid IDMS 0.1 ng/m3 No data Volkening et al. 1988... 

In recent work related to the electrodeposition of PPy from an aqueous pyrrole-oxalic acid solution, the influence of the iron surface pretreatment on the corrosion properties was reported by Van Shaftinghen, Deslouis et al. [79]. The performances of PPy-coated iron samples, obtained through three different electropolymerization techniques were tested (i) electropolymerization at constant current (1 mA cm ) (denoted galstat), (ii) potentiostatic electropolymerization at IV vs. Ag/AgCl in oxalic acid for 600 s followed by addition of pyrrole into the solution (denoted one-step), (iii) potentiostatic polarization in a two-step process identical to the previous one, except that a prehminary polarization at 0 V vs. Ag/ AgCl for 600 s was carried out in the electrolyte alone (denoted two-step) (Figure 16.11). From the anodic curves of iron in oxalic acid alone, a first zone of potential ranging... 

Two powder samples, electrodeposited from the solutions with Ni/Mo = 1/1 (sample 2) and Ni/Mo = 1/3 (sample 3), were analyzed by DSC and TGA to determine recrystallization temperature (Fig. 5.50) [121]. For both samples a multistep process with the sharp exothermic maximum on the DSC curves indicates that the recrystallization occurs at 543°C and should be performed at this or higher temperature. It should be noted that on the DSC curve for sample 2 additional small exothermic maximum, appearing at lower temperature of about 420° C, could be ascribed to the recrystallization of another phase present in the powder. At the same time, the TGA analysis revealed the weight loss of the samples of about 15%, corresponding most probably to the evaporation of electrolyte left in the pores of as-deposited powders. 

In liquid ECAFM applications, the AFM tip and sample surface comprise the working and counter electrodes of an electrochemical cell. Additionally, a reference electrode can be incorporated into the liquid cell allowing the instrument to effectively perform as a three-electrode electrochemical cell. The technique has expanded into several applications where electrosynthesis and electrodeposition reactions can take place simultaneously with imaging [54]. Electrical connections can be made between the tip and enzymes on a surface to measure electron transfer and conductivity [44,52,55]. In addition, the tip can be functionalized with electroactive biomolecules to perform redox reactions and measure the amperometric and voltammetric response in situ [56]. 

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