Electrodeposition of Ti from K2TiF6 in NaCl-KCl-NaF Melts

Materials Electrochemistry Group, ICEMS, Instituto Superior Tecnico, Technical University of Lisbon, 

Titanium was first produced by the Hunter process [6] but this has been superseded, except for special applications, by the Kroll process [4, 6] which entails the carbochlorination of rutile and ilmenite to obtain titanium tetrachloride, followed by metallothermic reduction with magnesium. 

From the various methods for the preparation of Ti film, such as CVD, PVD and electrochemical processes, the electrochemical deposition in ionic melts appears to be one of the most effective, as it makes it possible to deposit Ti films, depending on the composition of the electrolyte and the operating parameters of electrolysis, that is temperature, current density, current forms and so on. The high-temperature molten electrolytes (generally above 650 C) employed in the electrodeposition of Ti film can essentially be divided 

Molten Salts Chemistry and Technology, First Edition. Edited by Marcelle Gaune-Escard and Geir Martin Haarberg. 2014 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. Published 2014 by John Wiley Sons, Ltd. 

Chloride melts generally lead to powdery or dendritic deposits due to the existence of three low-stability titanium oxidation states and disproportionation reactions. In fluoride melts, only two oxidation states exist and the high stability of the titanium fluoride complexes results in two reduction steps  

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