Electrochemistry electrophoresis

M. L. Kovarik, M.W. Li and R.S. Martin, Integration of a carbon microelectrode with a microfabricated palladium decoupler for use in microchip capillary electrophoresis/ electrochemistry, Electrophoresis, 26 (2005) 202-210. 

S.A. Pasas, N.A. Lacher, M.I. Davies and S.M. Lunte, Detection of homocysteine by conventional and microchip capillary electrophoresis/ electrochemistry, Electrophoresis, 23 (2002) 759-766. 

Chaisuwan, P. Nacapricha, D. Wilairat, P. Jiang, Z. Smith, N.W. 2008. Separation of Qt-, P-, Y-, 5-tocopherols and a-tocopherol acetate on a pentaerythritol diacrylate monostearate-ethylene dimethacrylate monostearate-ethylene dimethacrylate monolith by capillary electrochemistry. Electrophoresis 29 2301-2309. 

Lacher NA, Garrison KE, Martin RS, and Lunte SM (2001) Review Microchip capillary electrophoresis/ electrochemistry. Electrophoresis 11 1516-2536. 

Porous media with high specific areas play an important role in many fields hydrology, oil sciences, heterogeneous catalysis, chromatography, absorbers electrochemistry, electrophoresis, etc.,. Sometimes the high-area systems have a relatively narrow distribution of pore sizes (say, over less than a decade). In other cases, the distribution of pore sizes is extremely broad (say, over three decades). Certain porous media of the second group can be described as fractals in a certain range of... 

Holland, L.A. and Lunte, S.M., Postcolumn reaction detection with dualelectrode capillary electrophoresis-electrochemistry and electrogenerated bromine, Anal. Chem. 71, 407, 1999. 

There are a few other analytical methods in which electrochemistry plays an essential role, such as (paper) electrophoresis, isotachophoresis, electrography and electrochromatography (according to Fujinaga) as they belong to analytical separation techniques, they are beyond the scope of this book. 

The principal analytical methods for complex samples are those that separate the mixture by differential migration and then detect the separated components. The separation methods are chromatography, electrophoresis, and field flow fractionation the detection methods—which need not be selective but must be sensitive—include absorption, laser-induced fluorescence, electrochemistry, and mass... 

Bioluminescence detector Charge-coupled device Contactless-conductivity detector Capillary electrophoresis Capillary electrophoresis-Electrochemistry Collision-induced dissociation Chemiluminescence detector Sodium chlorate-nitrobenzene Commercial off-the-shelf (U.S. Army) Cold Regions Research and Development Center Croatian Mine Action Center Council of Scientific and Industrial Research,... 

In addition to the foregoing, it is customary to include under electrochemistry (I) processes for which the net reaction is physical transfer, e g., concentration cells (2) electrokinetic phenomena, e.g.. electrophoresis. eleclroosmnsis, and streaming potential (3) properties ot electrolytic solutions, if they are determined by electrochemical or other means, e g.. activity coefficients and hydrogen ion concentration (4) processes in which electrical energy is first converted to heal, which in turn causes a chemical reaction that would not occur spontaneously at ordinary temperature. The... 

In electrophoresis we consider the motion of charged particles in electric fields (in contrast, the movement of ions is treated in electrochemistry under the keyword ionic conductivity ). Electrophoresis is of great practical importance in biochemistry because it is used to isolate proteins. 

S. M. Lunte, Carbon paste-based electrochemical detectors for microchip capillary electrophoresis/electrochemistry, Analyst, 126 (2001) 277-280. A.J. Gawron, R.S. Martin and S.M. Lunte, Fabrication and evaluation of a carbon-based dual-electrode detector for poly(dimethylsiloxane) electrophoresis chips, Electrophoresis, 22 (2001) 242-248. 

J. Wang, A. Escarpa, M. Pumera and J. Feldman, Capillary electrophoresis-electrochemistry microfluidic system for the determination of organic peroxides, J. Chromatogr. A, 952 (2002) 249-254. 

Y. Liu, J.A. Vickers and C.S. Henry, Simple and sensitive electrode design for microchip electrophoresis/electrochemistry, Anal. Chem., 76 (2004) 1513-1517. 

Microchip electrophoresis I electrochemistry systems for analysis of nitroaromatic explosives... 

I. Ah, H.Y. Aboul-Enein, Instrumental methods in metal ions speciation Chromatography, capillary electrophoresis and electrochemistry, New York Taylor Francis (2006). 

Ultramicroelectrodes can also greatly benefit modem microseparation techniques such as open-tube liquid chromatography or capillary-zone electrophoresis (CZE) (73). For example, cylinder-shaped carbon or copper fibers can be inserted into the end of the CE separation capillary (e.g., see Fig. 3.26). Such alignment of the working electrode with the end of the capillary represents a challenge in combining electrochemistry with CZE. 

Our results prove that MChA also exists in electrical transport on a molecular scale, which implies that electrochemistry and electrophoresis in a magnetic field can in principle be asymmetric. Such experiments have been performed, but an initial positive result [39] could not be confirmed [40]. The photochemical results above show that MChA in general leads to quite small ee, even in very high magnetic fields, so the electrochemical experiments should be repeated with a carefully chosen model system, and with a very high sensitivity for the resulting ee. 

In spite of some lack of detail, the main aspects of the subject have been covered, it is hoped impartially and adequately. There has been some tendency in recent electrochemical texts to pay scant attention to the phenomena at active electrodes, such as overvoltage, passivity, corrosion, deposition of metals, and so on. These topics, hich aie of importance in applied electrochemistry, are treated here at sucli length as seems reasonable. In addition, in view of the growing interest in electrophoresis, and its general acceptance as a branch of electrochcun-istry, a chapter on electrokinetic phenomena has been included. 

FIG. 24 Relationship between the surface chemistry and the electrochemistry of commercial and chemically pretreated carbon blacks (a) correlation between the concentration of acidic functional groups (determined by titrations) and zeta potential (determined by electrophoresis) (b) conelation between zeta potential and the slurry pH. (Adapted from Ref. 629.)... 

TJ O Shea, SM Lunte. Selective detection of free thiols by capillary electrophoresis-electrochemistry using a gold/mercury amalgam microelectrode. Anal Chem 65 247-250, 1993. 

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