Electrochemistry alternative standard electrodes

Hydrogen electrode — A gas electrode where purified hydrogen gas is dissolved, usually in an aqueous solution, in which an inert electrode, preferably a - platinized platinum (- platinum black, -> electrode materials) electrode is inserted. The hydrogen electrode is of exceptional importance in electrochemistry because the -> standard hydrogen electrode (SHE) provides by convention a reference potential for all half reactions and thus the thermodynamic reference point for all energy calculations. An alternative form is the -> dynamic hydrogen electrode (DHE). 

For nonaqueous electrochemistry, lUPAC recommended the use of a redox couple such as ferrocene/ferrocenium ion (Fc/Fc" ) as an internal standard [26]. An alternative to the liquid junction electrode is one based on an entirely solid-state design. Peerce and Bard [27] fabricated such an electrode by coating poly (vinylferrocene) (PVFc) on platinum. The polymer-coated electrode was brought to a 1 1 ratio of ferrocene to ferrocenium by poising the electrode at the PVTc/Fc" half-wave potential (0.39 V vs. SCE). Although this electrode maintained a constant, reproducible potential in deaerated acetonitrile over 21 h, it was unstable in other... 

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