Electro-convulsive therapy

Sociocultural, illness, and biological factors affect individual attitudes towards psychotropic medications. Health beliefs or explanatory models, particularly causal attributions regarding the illness and the treatment options afforded within such models, exert a profound influence on patients attitudes and behavior regarding medications (Smith, Lin Mendoza, 1993). Such effects can be subtle and can occur during the course of treatment even if there has been initial successful negotiation about the nature of the illness and treatment. In psychiatric illness little research has been leveled at the personal meaning that patients bring to treatment practices such as electro-convulsive therapy (ECT), oral medications, and depot injections, or to the transition between different administrative routes and types of medications. 

The place of the dmg in dentistry [153 4] and in electro-convulsive therapy [ 154] (with a description of a technique to surmount difficulties arising from the concurrent use ot suxamethonium) has been evaluated. A refined radio telemetric technique has enabled a detailed study [155] of the cardiovascular effects of propanidid to be made, resulting in strong evidence for a transient procainamide- or quinidine-like depression of myocardial conductive tissue. The above publications [150-5] quote a large number of relevant references. 

Conti B, Maier R, Barr AM, Morale MC, Lu X, Sanna PP, et al. Region-specific transcriptional changes following the three antidepressant treatments electro-convulsive therapy, sleep deprivation and fluoxetine. Mol. Psychiatry 2007 12 167-189. 

Non-Pharmacological Therapies Electro-Convulsive Therapy and Sleep Deprivation... 

It causes stimulation of the CNS and also induces convulsions, which is why it was formerly employed as an alternative to electro-convulsive therapy in the treatment of severe depression either administered through IV injection or inhalation. 

Rome), who had been using electric shocks to produce seizures in animal experiments, and his colleague Lucio Bini, developed the idea of using electricity as a substitute for metrazol in convulsive therapy and, in 1937, experimented for the first time on a person. Psychiatrists found they could lessen the effects of depression. Electro-convulsive therapy (ECT) is still used as a treatment for severe depression. The understanding of depression depended on the understanding of the brain itself. This took a leap forward in 1928, when Otto Loewi discovered acetylcholine. It was another 24 years before scientists would discover the presence of other neurotransmitters in the brain, such as serotonin, noradrenalin, and dopamine. By the 1980s, 40 different neurotransmitters had been isolated in the brain. °... 

Depression Seven different rat brain regions Fluoxetine Sleep deprivation Electro convulsive Comparison of responses to acute and chronic anti-depressant therapy [33]... 

---