Electro-catalysts sensors

Last, the durability that is the long-term performance of the electro-catalyst to resist permanent changes to its morphology is a key concem/parameter this is clearly more evident in the case of all applications where constant potential cyclability is required which in the case of a sensor, where a one-shot electrocatalyst modified screen-printed sensor might be beneficially utilised, this is obviously less of a constraint. 

For applications as electro- or photo-catalysts, or for other applications as sensors, solar cells, electrodes in biosensing and biofuel cells, etc. the problem of the amount of titania is less critical, but there is still the need to optimize the film thickness. One of the active directions of research in this area, in fact, is to maintain the nanostructure, but increase the film thickness. A new benchmark for Ti02 nanotube arrays was recently reached. 

Applications of titania nanotube arrays have been focused up to now on (i) photoelectrochemical and water photolysis properties, (ii) dye-sensitized solar cells, (iii) photocatalysis, (iv) hydrogen sensing, self-cleaning sensors, and biosensors, (v) materials for photo- and/or electro-chromic effects, and (vi) materials for fabrication of Li-batteries and advanced membranes and/or electrodes for fuel cells. A large part of recent developments in these areas have been discussed in recent reviews.We focus here on the use of these materials as catalysts, even though results are still limited, apart from the use as photocatalysts for which more results are available. 

There are many functional molecules, and their functions, such as electro-chromism, photochromism, photoelectric conversion, chemiluminescence, catalyst, molecular recognition (sensor) etc., are all attributed to a deviation or a change in electronic structure or state of these molecules. For their materializations, conducting polymers are considered to be suitable matrices because their conductive properties and compatibilities to mole-... 

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