Electrical shock, defined

The majority of fixed apparatus is of Class I construction, as defined in BS 2754 1999 Construction of electrical equipment for protection against electric shock. This means that it usually has a metal case enclosing the live parts and that the five parts are insulated from each other and from the carcass by basic insulation only. The case, which is earthed by connection to the protective conductor, protects the internal wiring and components from damage and prevents direct contact. 

As mentioned previously, ISO 26262 defines functional safety as freedom of unacceptable risks based on hazards, which are caused by malfunctional behavior of E/E-systems. However, interactions of systems with E/E-functions are included as well and therefore also mechatronic systems. Whether pure mechanical systems really show not any interactions with E/E is doubtful. Furthermore, the introduction chapter of ISO 26262, which describes the scope of the norm, excludes hazards such as electric shock, fire, smoke, heat, radiation, poisoning, inflammation, (chemical) reactions, corrosion, release of energy or comparable hazards, as long as the failure was not caused by electrical components. Such hazards are caused more by the battery as well as the poisonous electrolytes in the capacitors. Whether a motor winding is an electrical device or a mechanical component is also questionable. 

Jacimovic s Prediction Dalziel s work is the most widely accepted research in the area of electric shock however, other researchers also defined minimum fibrillation thresholds for 60-Hz currents. Jacimovic (1982) performed a series of measurements on animals and estabUshed the following fibrillation prediction ... 

Pulsed electronic transition chemical laser operation appears to be possible in a much wider class of reaction systems than those defined by the foregoing considerations. Reaction initiation in premixed reagents by pulsed techniques can provide population inversions on time scales short compared with fluid mixing times and relaxation times for lower laser states. Such techniques include photolysis, laser-induced dissociation, electrical discharge production of atoms or metastables, and shock-induced dissociation and pyrolysis. Such lasers are subject to the pumping rate condition of Figure 3.21 which is much less restrictive than the condition for diffusive mixing... 

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