Electrical compression

Ensure the adequacy (in terms of quality, quantity and reliability) of services/utilities, e.g. steam, process/cooling water, electricity, compressed air, inert gas, fire suppression systems, ventilation. 

Wet granulation can be used to improve the flow of the material to be processed. Additionally, it is used to improve the uniformity of the material. It may also be used to increase the density of the materials to allow for better processing downstream. Wet granulation processes require the handling of solutions. Typically, there is minimal dust generation. Additionally, processes involve the use of alcohol or water. Facilities should include drying capabilities either built into the granulators or as a separate functional area. Utilities required include electricity, compressed air, and steam. 

Services—electricity, compressed air, and so on to agreed-upon standards... 

The work extracted from the expanding uid (HA-HC), may be utilized to generate electricity, compress gas, or just be dissipated in an ambient blower or oil friction brake (see Section 3.2.2.4). The net result is that as refrigeration is generated across the turbine, less refrigeration is needed from the incoming air and the air compressor discharge pressure can be run at much lower pressures. Cycles termed low-pressure cycles ensued from this development. 

What additional hazards do power sources (such as gasoline, electricity, compressed air, or hydraulic fluid) add to tools and machines beside the hazard of the tool and machine actions ... 

The required apparatus and utensils, the preparation processes they are used for and the required provisions such as air conditioning, clean water, electricity, compressed air and gasses. For extremely hazardous preparations (antineoplastics, radiopharmaceuticals, see Sect 26.3.5) and for sterile preparations separate premises may be required to protect products and operators adequately, as is also laid down in GMP. Scaling up of the processes may lead to partitioning of the rooms into areas for dedicated functions. 

Hydraulic drive is probably the least used compression method. Although it provides tremendous power, it is difficult to maintain and fluid leakage is a problem. Pneumatic and electric compression are popular and successful. Electric drives are easy to control, but become expensive and/or slow when larger forces are required (as in the case of larger grids). Pneumatic systems are fast and powerful, but require a good supply of clean, dry, compressed air. With any method, accurate compression control is critical to reliable fixture performance. 

The cost of having a soldering process line extends beyond the capital costs of the equipment or even the labor costs for operators and process engineers. There are also the costs of operating the machines themselves. The factory must have adequate floor space for the assembly line footprint, as well as the access required to move parts and finished assemblies to and from the line. There are also space requirements to perform maintenance functions safely and make repairs to equipment. Finally, there are assembly costs arising from utility usage electricity, compressed air (pneumatic actuators), and water (cleaning). 

Estimation of utility requirements, such as steam, water, electricity, compressed air, and fuel... 

Hondeman, H. Electrical Compression Cooling versus Absorption Cooling - A Comparison. lEA... 

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