Elective replacement indicator

Gradual Decay of Battery Voltage (Elective Replacement Indicator)... 

Fig. 2.1 At beginning-of-life (BOL), the lithium iodide battery exhibits an output voltage of 2.8 V, which slowly decays until it nearly depletes, whereupon the voltage decays more rapidly. At around 2.0-2.4V, the elective replacement indicator is triggered, which usually leaves 6 months before the pulse generator will begin to behave abnormally as it reaches its end of useful life (EOL).

Sanders RS, Barold SS. Understanding elective replacement indicators and automatic parameter conversion mechanisms in DDD pacemakers. In Barold SS, Mugica J, eds. New perspectives in cardiac pacing. Mount Kisco, NY Futura Publishing, 1988. 

One should always consult the physicians manual to determine the specific behavior that indicates the need for elective replacement. A mode conversion from dual-chamber to single-chamber (e.g., DDD to VVI), rate response to nonrate response or a change in magnet rate behavior may be observed when the ERI is triggered. Some pulse generators also provide an additional pre-ERI alert known as an intensified foUow-up indicator (IFI), a safety feature that... 

In summary, rivaroxaban 1 is an oral direct factor Xa inhibitor and is the first approved factor Xa inhibitor on the European and Canadian market. This class of inhibitors is expected to expand, with new members currently in late-stage clinical development. Rivaroxaban is indicated for the prevention of venous thromboembolic events in patients who have undergone elective total hip or total knee replacement surgery. Rivarobaxan was underwent extensive clinical program that included three Phase III trials of rivaroxaban involving a total of nearly 12,000 patients. The results from these three studies demonstrated the superior efficacy of the factor Xa inhibitor, both in head-to-head comparisons with enoxaparin and when comparing extended-duration (5 weeks) rivaroxaban with short-duration (2 weeks) enoxaparin. In all three... 

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