Elastomer-phenolic type adhesive

Adhesives are so numerous and versatile that it is difficult to generalize by chemical type. One breakdown of synthetic adhesives by polymer type gives phenolics (37%), urea and melamine (19%), vinyls (18%), synthetic elastomers (15%), acrylics (4%), polyurethanes (3%), and epoxies, polyesters, and others (4%). For purposes of organization we divide them... 

Film adhesives require an outside means such as heat, water, or solvent to reactivate them to a tacky state. Among the film types are some hot melts, epoxies, phenolics, elastomers, and polyamides. Film adhesives can be die cut into complicated shapes to ensure precision bonding of unusual shapes. Applications for this type of adhesive include bonding plastic bezels onto automobiles, attaching trim to both interiors and exteriors, and attaching nameplates on luggage. 

Type of adhesive Polymer or elastomer base Major function of phenolic resin Types of phenolic resins used Examples of commercial phenolics used... 

The primary chemical classes from which adhesives are made include epoxies, acrylics, phenolics, urethanes, natural and synthetic elastomers, amino resins, silicones, polyesters, polyamides, aromatic polyheterocyclics, and the various natural products such as carbohydrates and their derivatives as well as plant- and animal-based proteins. Chemical class was once a relatively clean differentiator of adhesives, but so many adhesives now are hybrids, designed to take advantage of specific attributes of more than one chemical class or type of material. Hybridization can be accomplished by incorporating into an adhesive a nonreactive resin of a different chemical class adding another type of reactive monomer, oligomer,... 

The antioxidants used in adhesive formulations are similar to those used in rubber compounding and include materials such as the aromatic amines, substituted phenols, and hy-droquinoes. Elastomer and resin manufacturers typically incorporate antioxidants (0.1-0.3 wt %) in their products for protection during storage and shipment. Adhesive formulators will usually add additional antioxidant to protect the adhesive during processing and use. It is not unusual for an adhesive formulation to contain as many as three or four different types of antioxidants. 

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