Elastic moduli table

Tensile properties of hair fibers at 55 to 65% RH and at 100% RH (in water) show greater extensibility at the higher humidity (Figure 8-2) and a lower elastic modulus (Table 8-1) and lower work and force values in general [26]. 

For the used material as well as for the as-received one, an increase in temperature always induces a decrease in the elastic modulus (Table III). This observation is generally explained by a progressive weakening of the intergranular oxide phase. The damage created in... 

Figure 27.8 shows the reproduction of the temperature dependence of the Raman shift and Young s modulus of bulk solid for group TV elements with derived information of b(0) given in Table 24.6. Deviation between derivatives of the atomic cohesive energy exists but the for Ge is consistently derived from both the temperature-dependent Raman shift and elastic modulus (Table 27.1). 

For evaluation of the mechanical properties, which are foimd in Table 1, the fibre lengths in the composite, acquired from the fibre scans, have been used. While the elastic modulus (Table 1) is not influenced through the fibre lengths in the investigated regions, tensile... 

Content of Ot-Olefin. An increase in the a-olefin content of a copolymer results in a decrease of both crystallinity and density, accompanied by a significant reduction of the polymer mechanical modulus (stiffness). Eor example, the modulus values of ethylene—1-butene copolymers with a nonuniform compositional distribution decrease as shown in Table 2 (6). A similar dependence exists for ethylene—1-octene copolymers with uniform branching distribution (7), even though all such materials are, in general, much more elastic (see Table 2). An increase in the a-olefin content in the copolymers also results in a decrease of their tensile strength but a small increase in the elongation at break (8). These two dependencies, however, are not as pronounced as that for the resin modulus. 

A fully automated microscale indentor known as the Nano Indentor is available from Nano Instmments (257—259). Used with the Berkovich diamond indentor, this system has load and displacement resolutions of 0.3 N and 0.16 nm, respectively. Multiple indentations can be made on one specimen with spatial accuracy of better than 200 nm using a computer controlled sample manipulation table. This allows spatial mapping of mechanical properties. Hardness and elastic modulus are typically measured (259,260) but time-dependent phenomena such as creep and adhesive strength can also be monitored. 

For water the values of the constants discussed in the previous section are given in Table 4.1. The value of the elasticity modulus increases as the pressure and temperature increase. At a pressure of 10 MPa and temperature 373 K, the elasticity modulus E is 2,7 x 10 Pa. 

Resilin and elastin have relatively high extensibility and resilience, but as compared to the collagen and the silks, the proteins sacrifice stiffness (elastic modulus) and strength (see Table 2). Collagen and dragUne sflk are much stiffer materials, but lack the extensibility that is characteristic of the rubber-like proteins. On the other hand, the mussel byssus fibers and the viscid silk have the extensibility of resilin and elastin, but lack the resilience [208]. 

The elastic modulus (G ) of MP, BCAS, and BLG5 rapidly rose to plateaus that corresponded to different G saturations (Gjat) (Table 2). MP and BCAS coagula showed the more important Gsat value (142 N/m ), meaning that the emulsions stabilized by skim milk proteins (mainly casein micelles) and 6-casein formed the coagula with the strongest protein network. 

Tensile Modulus. Tensile samples were cut from the 0.125 in. plates of the compositions according to Standard ASTM D638-68, into the dogbone shape. Samples were tested on an Instron table model TM-S 1130 with environmental chamber. Samples were tested at temperatures of -30°C, 0°C. 22°C, 50°C, 80°C, 100°C and 130°C. Samples were held at test temperature for 20 minutes, clamped into the Instron grips and tested at a strain rate of 0.02 in./min. until failure. The elastic modulus was determined by ASTM D638-68. Second order polynomial equations were fitted to the data to obtain the elastic modulus as a function of temperature for each of the compositions. 

Table 1.19 Elastic modulus of concrete containing a lignosulfonate-based water-reducing agent as a ratio of a plain mix (Tam)...

Table 1.20 Elastic modulus of concretes containing a hydroxycarboxylic acid water-reducing agent (Brookes)...

A second example utilised a 3-peptide derivative (Fig. 5b). The elastic modulus could be varied from 4000 to 300 Pa (Table 2, entries 5-7), thus indicating that the ratio of enzyme to precursor plays a significant role in tailoring the supramolecular assemblies. 

Table 6. Average tensile strength (a) and elastic modulus (E) for glass fibres produced with different amounts of MSWI bottom ash and drawn at 1275 °C...

Table 5.6 Factors Used to Determine Elastic Modulus in Multicomponent Glasses Using Eq. (5.55)...

The relevant properties of these materials for the torsional-mechanical analysis are listed in Table 8.11. On the basis of specific elastic modulus and specific shear modulus, the best materials are the graphite-fiber-reinforced epoxy resin, followed by either of the alloys, then the Kevlar fiber-reinforced epoxy. The chopped glass sheet molding compound is obviously not a good choice. 

Table 8. Effect of intensification of C-C bond clustering in thermoplastics on their elastic modulus...

Table 5.2 lists polymers and their tendency toward crystallinity. Yield stress and strength, and hardness increase with an increase in crystallinity as does elastic modulus and stiffness. Physical factors that increase crystallinity, such as slower cooling and annealing, also tend to increase the stiffness, hardness, and modulus of a polymeric material. Thus polymers with at least some degree of crystallinity are denser, stiffer, and stronger than amorphous polymers. However, the amorphous region contributes to the toughness and flexibility of polymers. 

Plasticizers. The desirable effects which plasticizers impart are lower mix viscosity and improved low temperature properties (lower T, ). Sometimes a lower elastic modulus of the propellant, also a consequence of plasticization, is desired. Table II lists some of the more frequently used plasticizers. 

Table IV. Effect of Elastic Modulus of Binder on Propellant at — 61°C."...

TABLE 1. Cement Fixing Compositions for Evaluation of Bonding Exothermic Time, Strength, and Elastic Modulus... 

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