Eigen-polarizations

The depth of modulation is determined by the ratio of the thickness of the laser material to the grain size of the ceramics [287, 289-291]. Analytical expressions for eigen polarizations and phase delays in grains of thermally loaded Nd YAG ceramic rods have been established [287]. It was suggested that the depolarization of radiation in polycrystalline ceramics led to beam modulation with a characteristic size of the order of the ceramic grain size. Therefore, increasing the ratio of rod... 

An important detail of the theory and its experimental verification is the fact that our setup uses isotropic detection (no polarizers) together with polarized excitation. With 2n or 47t detection a correct description of orientational correlation with three eigen- values of the diffusion tensor is obtained. They are sums of the rotational diffusion constants D, Dy, around the individual axes of the rotational ellipsoid [5,7] 2Dz + 4 Dx,y, 5Dz + D y. 

Experimental studies of ions association became feasible with the advent of relaxation techniques, picosecond spectroscopy, and ESR spectroscopy. Pioneering work in this field was done by Eigen, e.g.298), who studied the association of inorganic ions in aqueous solutions. Recent development of field-modulation technique335) allows for detailed investigations of ions association in low polarity media. This technique requires very low concentrations of ions in the investigated systems - a condition met by solutions involving low polarity solvents. Its application to systems such as tetrabutyl ammonium picrate in... 

Conversion of electromagnetic wave (EW) polarization provides an efficient and powerful method for diagnostics of media a nd s tructures with reduced symmetry (e.g. anysotropic crystals, media with natural and artificial gyrotropy, periodic structures, solid-state surfaces and thin films). On the other hand, such media and structures can be used as polarization converters. The conversion of the polarization in surface layers and thin films is usually small [1,2] and achromatic because in this case the region of interaction of the EW with the polarization active medium is small and the interaction itself is non-resonant. However, the effect may increase substantially (resonantly) and the polarization converted radiation becomes colored when the external EW excites eigen-oscillations on optically active surface or in an optically active film. For example, under the non-uniform cyclotron resonance excitation in two-dimensional (2D) electron system, high conversion efficiency can be reached [3]. 

Hall-Effect Measurements. Bullemer and Riehl (16) made these measurements. The experimental difficulties are great because of high electrode resistance, polarization effects, surface conductivity, and a low signal-to-noise ratio. Special palladium-black electrodes were used. The majority carriers were found to have a positive sign, as they should if they are protons. At —2°C. and —8°C., respectively, their concentration was 1.0 and 0.4 X 10 cm."", and the Hall mobility was 0.8 and 1.4 cm. /volt-sec. These values are 10 to 20 times lower and higher, respectively, than the results found by Eigen and De Maeyer from the saturation current and dissociation field effect (Table IV). 

In this context. Eigen and DeMaeyer used the relationship G = G D E, with D " = F-P. where P is the polarization per unit volume and V is the volume. 

For polarizer 2, the transmission axis is parallel to the y axis in the lab frame. In the local frame x"y"z", the transmission axis is parallel to the y" axis and the uniaxial axis is parallel to the z" axis. For the eigenmode that has the non-absorbing refractive index rig and can pass polarizer 2, the direction of the eigen electric field vector is along the direction which in the local frame is given by... 

In many cases, the wavelength shift for the Bragg grating sensor observed for each polarization eigen-mode of the optical hbre depends on all the three principal strain components within the optical hbre. Sirkis and Haslach extended Butter and Hocker s model and have shown that their results are closer to those observed in transverse loading experiments" for the interferometric optical hbre sensor. 

Understanding the connection between stress and strain and the influence of an anisotropic fabric is subject of current research. Furthermore, we study the influence of static friction and other microscopic material parameters on the physics of the shear-cell. In addition, the connection between the shear and the particle eigen-rotations is an open issue in the framework of a micro-polar description. 

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