Effervescent Sodium Phosphate

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Sodium phosphate is prepared from the mineral phosphorite which is a tribasic calcium phosphate. The phosphatic material is digested with sulfuric acid, the mixture is then leached with hot water, neutralized with sodium carbonate, and the sodium phosphate is crystallized from the filtrate. It is the active ingredient in Effervescent Sodium Phosphate, one of the most pleasant of the saline laxatives. It is also used in the preparation of Sodium Phosphate Oral Solution. This solution, which corresponds to 0.75g of the official hydrated salt in each ml. provides an easy form for the administration of a saline laxative and antihypercalcemic (Gennaro, 1990). 

Monobasic sodium phosphate is an acid salt and is therefore generally incompatible with alkaline materials and carbonates aqueous solutions of monobasic sodium phosphate are acidic and will cause carbonates to effervesce. 

Characters.—White powder, very slightly soluble in water, but readily dissolves in acids without effervescence. Its solution in hydrochloric acid, when neutralized by a mixed solution of ammonium chloride and ammonia, gives a copious crystalline precipitate (ammonio-magnesium phosphate) when hydrogen-di-sodium phosphate is added to it. Dissolved in nitric acid, it should give no precipitate with barium chloride, showing the absence of sulphate, and, when neutralized with a mixture of ammonium chloride and ammonia, it should yield no precipitate with ammonium oxalate, indicating its freedom from calcium. 

Citric acid is used in soft drinks, candies, wines, desserts, jellies, jams, as an antioxidant in frozen fruits and vegetables, and as an emulsifier in cheese. As the most versatile food acidulant, citric acid accounts for about 70 percent of the total food acidulant market. It provides effervescence by combining the citric acid with a biocarbonate/carbonate source to form carbon dioxide. Citric acid and its salts are also used in blood anticoagulants to chelate calcium, block blood clotting, and buffer the blood. Citric acid is contained in various cosmetic products such as hair shampoos, rinses, lotions, creams, and toothpastes. More recently, citric acid has been used for metal cleaning, substituted for phosphate in detergents, for secondary oil recovery, and as a buffer/absorber in stack gas desulfurization. The use of sodium citrate in heavy-duty liquid laundry detergent formulations has resulted in a rapid increase in the use of citric acid. 

Sodium dihydrogen phosphate and disodium dihydrogen pyrophosphate are acid salts that have been used in effervescent formulation. They are soluble in water, producing acid solution and react quickly with alkaline sources. They are commercially available either as granules or powder. 

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