Effects on enzymes and other biochemical parameters

A role of sodium chlorite in supporting cytochrome P450-catalysed steroid hydroxylation was studied using microsomal fractions prepared from the livers of male Sprague-Dawley rats. In the presence of 4 mmol sodium chlorite/l, the generation of hydroxylated androstenedione metabolites during a 10-min incubation period was 67% of that in the presence of 1 mmol of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) per litre (Hrycay et al., 1975). 

Blood from male CD rats and healthy human volunteers was used in a study designed to demonstrate the ability of sodium chlorite to react with constituents of the erythrocyte in vitro. Inoubation for 1 h with 10 and 10 mol sodium chlorite/l resulted in a oonoentration-related increase in methaemoglobin and hydrogen peroxide levels and a decrease in glutathione (GSH) levels (Heffernan et al., 1979a). 

Sodium chlorite, sodium hypochlorite and sodium chlorate were used in a number of in vitro tests to identify their effects on erythrocytes, fibroblasts and endothelial cells. Sodium chlorite (20.04 mmol/l) increased the levels of methaemoglobin in the erythrocytes. Sodium chlorite solution (0.2 mmol/l) caused fibroblast cells to become misshapen and swollen, and 1 mmol sodium chlorite/l resulted in endothelial cell death (Habermann Muller, 1989). 

Methaemoglobin formation was measured in erythrocytes from Dorset sheep incubated with 1, 2, 3 or 4 mmol sodium chlorite/l. There was a concentration-dependent increase in methaemoglobin formation. The potency of sodium chlorite was much less than that for other agents such as p-dinitrobenzene and nitrite, but much greater than that for chlorate (concentration expected to induce 15% methaemoglobin p-dinitrobenzene = 0.01 mmol/l, nitrite = 0.79 mmol/l, chlorite = 2.68 mmol/l and chlorate = 22.45 mmol/l) (French et al., 1995). 

Sodium chlorite and chlorate did not induce lipid peroxidation at concentrations up to 400 pmol/l in an in vitro system of multilayer phospholipid liposomes prepared from egg phosphatidylcholine (Panasenko et al., 1997). 

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Effects on enzymes and other biochemical parameters The effects of absorbed substances and/or their metabolites on cellular and tissue enxyme production and morphology, chemical constitution, enzyme activity, and physiochemical... 

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