Effective interaction energ

Intramolecular proton transfer in electronically excited transfer in, say, salicylic acid ester and other aromatic compounds leads to deexcitation of the energized electron [43-45]. In photoreduction processes, electron transfer often precedes proton transfer [46] the stability of the protonic bond is at least partially due to an n-a interaction [47]. The strength of the protonic interaction appears to be proportional to the ionization potential of the donor and is sensitive to solvent polarity [48]. These effects have hardly been touched on in biologically important transitions and represent an important new field of research. 

It is clear that the molecules present in a monolayer interact with the molecules of the underlying liquid phase and cannot be assumed merely to consist of molecules moving freely in two dimensions. Such interactions result in molecular motions energized by surface tension gradients this is called the Marangoni effect. In a glass of wine, ethyl alcohol... 

Dell Antone P, Frigeri L, Azzone GF. 1973. The effects of electrolytes on the interaction of cationic dyes with energized mitochondrial fragments. Eur J Biochem 34 448-454. 

To compare the effect of C02 on liquid-phase gellants and foamers, N2 was used as the energizer. To simulate the acidity of C02 foam systems, the pH in the N2 system was lowered to 3.2. Tests illustrated that several foamers and gellants that did not perform acceptably with C02 performed successfully with N2. These results suggest a chemical interaction, such as carboxylation, between the C02 or carbonic add and some of the foamers (15). 

---