Effect on electrical properties

In this way one obtains the mean value of P averaged over vibrational motion in terms of mean displacements, mean square displacements, and so on. This approach has been long used to discuss isotope effects on electrical properties of molecules. 

Banford et al. studied the radiation effects on electrical properties of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) at 5 K with the use of a 60Co gamma source and a thermal nuclear reactor [86]. They reported that both the electrical conductivity and the dielectric breakdown strength of LDPE at 5 K were not significantly affected by radiation absorbed doses up to 10s Gy, but an erratic pulse activity under high applied fields was observed in the sample irradiated at 106 Gy. 

Figure 21 shows the permittivity and loss factor for an isothermal cure (137 °C) of DGEBA (EPON 825 n = 0) with diaminodiphenyl sulfone (DDS)47. To a first approximation, the data are the mirror image of Fig. 20, supporting the idea that the effect on electrical properties of the increase in Tg during isothermal cure might be similar to the effect of a decrease in temperature at fixed Tg. Examination of Fig. 21 shows one important difference between the temperature and cure dependences, namely that the relaxed permittivity decreases with cure time under isothermal conditions. This is a direct result of the changing chemistry, as discussed further in Section 4.3. The detailed behavior of the dipolar mobility is examined in Section 4.4, and of the ionic mobility in Section 4.5. 

Other Physical Properties. In addition to its important effect on the strength of wood, moisture also affects wood s other physical properties. Moisture s effect on electrical properties was described in the section on Electrical Resistance Moisture Meters (p. 130). Other properties such as specific gravity and thermal properties are discussed here. 

Within the entire temperature range, the electrical conductivity of current glasses is of the electrolytical type, the current being transferred by ions (with the exception of special semiconductive glasses). The mobility of modifying ions is much higher than that of network formers at all temperatures the electrical conductivity is contributed to above all by alkali ions. Chemical composition has thus a significant effect on electrical properties. 

Small molecule-small molecule reactions. These reactions are almost non-existent in the mechanism except for the addition of oxygen to small radical fragments such as the acyl radical from type I cleavage of methyl ketones. The relatively high solubility of oxygen and the mobility of these small molecules in a medium that is essentially equivalent to a very viscous liquid in local regions, minimizes any special "polymer effect". The other stable small molecule product is water which may have effects on electrical properties but does not participate in the photooxidation sequence per se. 

Mechanical stretching of sulfonated PPE shows a great effect on electric properties. Under favorite conditions, electrical conductivities increase up to 10 times that of the original membranes. 

Asbestos also aids in thermal stability (but its use is limited because it may be carcinogenic) while mica is distinguished in its effects on electrical properties (for insulation). In addition, there are currently fillers that convert a polymer into an electrical conductor (or semiconductor) using mainly carbon black or metallic powder. 

Wright JD (1989) Gas adsorption on phthalocyanines and its effects on electrical properties. Prog Surf Sci 31 1-60... 

V. KeUo, A. J. Sadlq, B. A. Hess. Relativistic effects on electric properties of many-electron systems in spin-averaged Douglas-KroU and PauU approximations. 

Zhou et al. [67] investigated the effect on electrical properties of incorporating carbon black in a low-density polyethylene composite and low-density polyethylene ethylene methyl acrylate blends. Electrical conductivity/resistivity measurements have shown that the percolation threshold of ethylene-methylacrylate blend polymer composites was significantly lower than that of the low-density polyethylene composite, although in an ethylene-methyl acrylate composite the threshold is higher. The effect was due to preferential absorption of the carbon black into low-density polyethylene due to phase separation and immiscibility in low-density polyethylene-ethylene-methyl acrylate blends. Viscosity of polymers in the blend appeared to determine distribution on the carbon black, indicating that choice of polymer viscosity could be used to control carbon black distribution. 

Lample U, Heischer M, Reitmeier N, Meixner H, McMonagle JB, Marsh A (1996) New metal oxide sensors materials and properties. In Sensors update. Chap 1, vol 2. Wiley, New York, pp 1-36 Lecomte J, Loup JP, Bosser G, Hervieu M, Raveau B (1984) Defect structure and electrical conductivity of niobates with related perovsMte-type structures. Solid State Ionics 12 113-118 Lee GG, Kang S-JK (2005) Formation of large pores and their effect on electrical properties of SnO gas sensors. Sens Actuators B 107 392-396... 

Electrical properties are virtually unimpaired by radiation doses ranging up to 10,000 kGy. During long-term aging, electron beam crosslinking has a positive effect on electrical properties. Figure 5.150. 

V. STUDY OF IMPLANTATION PARAMETER EFFECTS ON ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF ELECTROACTIVE POLYMERS... 

Silica-filled epoxy molding compounds use an epoxysilane for such a reason. In some cases, special epoxysilanes that have low chloride and low ionic content are used to further minimize negative effects on electrical properties. 

Exerts direct effects on electrical properties of the heart. 

---