Effect on capacitance

Hydralazine. Hydrala2iae causes vasodilation ia all primary vascular beds and has more pronounced effects on capacitance than on resistance blood vessels. Despite the hypotension it produces, hydrala2iae iacreases renal blood flow and cardiac output. PRA iacreases with its use. Tachycardia, headache, di22iaess, and water and sodium retention are principal side effects of hydrala2iae therapy. 

With ex = e2 = 1, capacitances were very small compared to experimental ones, so that Cs(dip) would have to be much smaller than generally accepted values to get agreement with experiment. With a dielectric present but no 6-function barrier, more reasonable results were obtained. The addition of the barrier changed 6 M, but had little effect on capacitances. Of course, these calculations are of interest only in comparing the contributions of two metals, or in investigating the importance of modifications of the model, since there is no solvent. 

The hemodynamic effects of diazoxide are similar to those of hydralazine and minoxidil. It produces direct relaxation of arteriolar smooth muscle with little effect on capacitance beds. Since it does not impair cardiovascular reflexes, orthostasis is not a problem. Its administration is, however, associated with a reflex increase in cardiac output that partially counters its antihypertensive effects. Propranolol and other -blockers potentiate the vasodilating properties of the drug. Diazoxide has no direct action on the heart. Although renal blood flow and glomerular filtration may fall transiently, they generally return to predrug levels within an hour. 

Chmiola, J., Largeot, C., Taberna, P.-L., Simon, P., and Gogotsi, Y. Desolvation of ions in subnanometer pores, its effect on capacitance and double-layer theory. Angewandte Chemie 47(18), 2008 3392-3395. DOI 10.1002/anie.200704894. 

Minoxidil (loniten) is efficacious in patients with the most severe and drug-resistant forms of hypertension. A small fraction of minoxidil is metabolized by hepatic sulfotransferase to the active molecule, minoxidil N-O sulfate. Minoxidil sulfate activates the ATP-modulated channel in smooth muscle, causing hyperpolarization and relaxation of arteriolar smooth muscle. Minoxidil produces arteriolar vasodilation with essentially no effect on capacitance vessels. Minoxidil preferentially increases blood flow to skin, skeletal muscle, the GI tract, and the heart. The disproportionate increase in blood flow to the heart may have a metabolic basis, in that administration of minoxidil is associated with a reflex increase in myocardial contractility and in cardiac output. The cardiac output can increase by as much as three- to fourfold, primarily due to enhanced venous return to the heart. The increased venous return probably results from enhanced flow in vascular beds with a fast response for venous return to the heart. The adrenergic increase in myocardial contractility contributes to the increased cardiac output, but is not the predominant factor. The renal effects of minoxidil are complex it dilates renal arteries, but systemic hypotension produced by the drug actually can decrease renal blood flow. Renal function usually improves in patients who take minoxidil for the treatment of hypertension, especially if renal dysfunction is secondary to hypertension. Minoxidil potently stimulates renin secretion, an effect mediated by renal sympathetic stimulation. 

In the case of Fragment 2, the dependence of capacitance on concentration remains practically the same whatever the Ca concentration. However, there is a dependence on the monolayer composition. Fragment 2 does not affect at all the mixed monolayers till 0.4 pM. As was shown (23), thrombin penetrates similarly both layers, but as it is not an intact structural domain of the whole prothrombin ( it comes from the cleavage by factor Xa of prethrombin 2), its effect on capacitance is not represented here. Nevertheless, there is a larger tendency of thrombin to penetrate rather than Fragment 2. This suggested that the prethrombin domain is probably responsible for penetration of prothrombin into the lipid layers. 

Capillary Waves at ITIES. Field Effect on Capillary Waves and Capillary Waves Effect on Capacitance... 

As can be seen in Figure 6.57, temperature effects on capacitance values are very weak whatever the studied material. The measitred values are in the order of 10 pF. 

Hulicova-Jurcakova, D., E. Fiset, G. Q. M. Lu, and T. J. Bandosz. 2012. Changes in surface chemistry of carbon materials upon electrochemical measurements and their effects on capacitance in acidic and neutral electrolytes. ChemSusChem 5 2188-2199. 

Figure 4.7 Modification of the ULK film near its top surface has a greater effect on capacitance degradation due to the spacing between metal lines being typically smaller at the top.

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