Effect of loading

In effect of loads acting in the scope of elastic deformations (proportional) in polycristalline bodies, changes in distances between atomic surfaces of the net are observed, which change the initial magnetic permeability. 

In our study, the effect of moisture over the nonneutral pH range of 3-11, direct sunlight, ozone at a concentration level of 6000 ppm, and the effects of loading stresses, were investigated for the three commercial sealants. A characteristic variation of crosslink density for the typical silicone sealants is shown in Fig. 29. This figure depicts the results for the coupons exposed to moisture and sunlight. Initially upon exposure, the crosslink density of the sealants exhibit an increase due to the availability of residual uncurred crosslink sites... 

Fig. 2. The effects of loading amount of pd metal on the enantioselectivity for L-Alaninol synthesis...

Effect of loading and method of preparation on the reducibility of iron in Fe/MgO catalysts... 

Higuchi E, Uchida H, Watanahe M. 2005. Effect of loading level in platinum-dispersed carbon black electrocatalysts on oxygen reduction activity evaluated by rotating disk electrode. J Electroanal Chem 583 69-76. 

Fig. 26 Effect of loading rate on the diametrical breaking strength of tablets compressed at different levels. (From Ref. 123.)...

Anandan S, Sathish Kumar P, Pugazhenthiran N, Madhavan J, Maruthamuthu P (2008) Effect of loaded silver nanoparticles on Ti02 for photocatalytic degradation of Acid Red 88. Solar Energy Mater Solar Cells 92 929-937... 

With the following examples, we will investigate and discuss the following (a) Scale-up phenomena of different solid phase reactions and the corresponding on-bead analytics (b) the effect of loading (an equivalent to concentration in solution-phase chemistry) (c) comparison with the solution-phase alternative and (d) the synthesis and use of new trityl linkers. 

To study the effect of loading, the synthesis depicted in Scheme 1 was repeated using different resin loadings. The conditions during reactions on higher loaded resins (2b and 2c) as compared to the initially used 2a did not need any adjustments. The quality of the product was comparable and the ratio of product to solid support was increased (Table 1). 

Fig. 24) and the unprecedented effect of loading level on sulfoxide/sulfone ratio... 

Figure 11.11 gives the IMC structure. The model of the process is run in parallel with the actual process. The output of the model is subtracted from the actual output of the process X and this signal is fed hack into the controller. This signal is, in a sense, the effect of load disturbances on the output (since we have subtracted the effect of the manipulated variable M). Thus we are inferring the load disturbance without having to measure it. This signal is Xi, the output of the process load transfer function, and is equal to We... 

Unfortunately much of Ais interaction analysis work has clouded the issue of how to design an effective control system for a multivariable process. In most process control applications the problem is not setpoint responses but load responses. We want a sy stem that holds the process at the desired values in the face of load disturbances. Interaction is therefore not necessarily bad, and in fact in some systems it helps in rejecting the effects of load disturbances. Niederlinski [AIChE J 1971, Vol 17, p. 1261) showed in an early paper that the use of decouplers made the load rejection worse. 

Lee, D., and Hwang, S. Effect of loading and distribution of Nafion ionomer in the catalyst layer for PEMECs. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 2008 33 2790-2794. 

TABLE 4.6 Effect of Loading Pressure on the Burning Rate of a Delay Mixture... 

Capucci A, Lenzi T, Boriani G, Trisolino G, Binetti N, Cavazza M et al. Effectiveness of loading oral fle-cainide for converting recent-onset atrial fibrillation to sinus rhythm in patients without organic heart disease or with only systemic hypertension. Am J Cardiol 1992 70 69-72. 

Figure 1. Effect of loading on distribution coefficients of Cs(I) on the sodium form of Wyoming montmorillonite (0.5M NaCl + 0.07 M NaOAc, pH 5, equilibration for 74 hr)...

Sr(II), and Ba(II), for the sodium form of montmorillonite. The Sr(II) results are from a different set of measurements than those in Figure 2, but are in good agreement with them. Effects of loading are small up to the several percent of ion-exchange capacity covered. Values of distribution coefficients for these three ions fall in a narrow range. 

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