Effect of Load type

While a more accurate estimate, avoiding alignment errors (eccentricity in axial loading), may be 

We shell now follow a different approach, analytical rather than empirical, based on the process volume and Weibull analysis. This analysis (see Sect 4.5.2) indicates, Eq. (4.57), that the ratio between the ultimate strength measured in traction and that under pure bending is given by 

the ratio and therefore the load factor depend on the WeibuU exponent m which actually means that Cid is a constant characteristic of the material. Eq. (3.29) yields 

If the loads are simple bending on non-circular cross section and axial Eq. (3.28) becomes 

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