Effect of feed flow rate

A = 4.05 X lO " cm/(s-kPa)(4.1 X 10 cm/(s-atm)) and = 1.3 x 10 cm/s (4)//= 1 mPa-s(=cP), NaCl diffusivity in water = 1.6 x 10 cm /s, and solution density = 1 g/cm . Figure 4 shows typical results of this type of simulation of salt water permeation through an RO membrane. Increasing the Reynolds number in Figure 4a decreases the effect of concentration polarization. The effect of feed flow rate on NaCl rejection is shown in Figure 4b. Because the intrinsic rejection, R = 1 — Cp / defined in terms of the wall concentration, theoretically R should be independent of the Reynolds... 

Table 11.2. Effect of Feed Flow rate (SPSS Operation). [Adopted from Mujtaba, 1997]...

Figure 3. Adsorption isotherms on zeolite Figure 4. Effect of feed flow rate on...

The effect of feed flow rate on the performance of a total reflux enricher of fixed length was discussed in an earlier paper (29). In general, the degree of enrichment increased as the amount of permeation became greater relative to the feed flow rate. 

Figure 5. The effect of feed flow rate on the dynamic adsorption capacity.

Effects of feed flow rate on permeate flux value and rejection value during the total circulation experiments are shown in Figure 22.7. Feed flow rate showed almost no effect on rejection value. In the case of membranes that showed low permeate flux value, feed flow rate had almost no effect on permeate flux value. However, in the case of membranes with high permeate flux value such as NFT-50, permeate flux increased with feed flow rate up to 10 F/min as shown in Figure 22.7. Therefore, 10 L/min was chosen as a suitable feed flow rate for separation of anserine and carnosine with the nanoliltration membranes. 

Effect of Feed Flow Rate on Slurry Hold-up. Figure 25 depicts the effects of the drum speed, and slurry feed concentration on the slurry mean solids concentration in the drum for the same conditions given in Figure 24. The mean slurry solids concentration in the drum varied significantly with the drum speed for the slurry feed solids concentrations of 3.5% and 7.5%, whereas a small variation in the mean solids concentration occurred for a slurry feed solids concentration of 45.8%. For... 

Example 8.1.20 Countercurrent dialysis may be explored to eliminate substantially 0.05M sodium phosphate from a Img/ml solution of bovine serum albumin (BSA) and 25 mM Tris buffer at a pH of 7 (via NaOH). The dialyzing buffer composition is 25 mM Tris and the pH is 7 (via HCl). The dialysate flow rate is lOOml/min. The membrane module has 0.2 surface area. The value of Kic for the phosphate salt for one membrane module is 0.020 cm/min and that for two modules in series is 0.015 cm/min. Determine the values of (C,yo/C r) for sodium phosphate using the expression developed in Problem 8.1.22 for the following cases (a) feed flow rate, lOcm /min (b) feed flow rate, 20 cm /min (c) feed flow rate, 10 cm /min and two membrane modules in series. Comment on the effects of feed flow rate and putting membrane modules in series. 

FIGURE 4.18 Effect of Feed flow rate on (a) flux and (b) percentage of rejection. 

FIGURE 34 Effect of the flow rate, feed concentration, and temperature on the experimental breakthrough curve for the adsorption of human serum albumin to Cibracron Blue F3G-A immobilized onto Fractosil 1000 against the amount of protein applied to the column. 

It is desired to double the capacity of the existing plant by processing twice the feed of reactant A while maintaining the same fractional conversion of A to B in the reactor. How much larger a reactor, in terms of catalyst weight, would be required if all other operating variables are held constant You may use the Thoenes-Kramers correlation for mass transfer coefficients in a packed bed. Describe the effects of the flow rate, temperature, particle size at conversion. 

Figure 2 shows the effect of liquid flow rate on the relationship between the position of the column and the composition, the percent of solids collected. A greater percent of solids was collected in the glass tube near the nozzle (0.05 m) and also on the bottom of the column (0.11m). The percent on the bottom decreased with lower liquid flow rate. The composition increased at all positions as the liquid flow rate increased. Three different mole fractions of acetone in feed are compared in Figure 3. An increase of mole fraction of acetone solvent made the percent of solids collected near the nozzle low, but made the composition of solids on the bottom high.

Figure 2. Effect of liquid flow rate on the relationship between position of the column and composition, percent of solids collected in spray-evaporation, (feed mole fraction of acetone = 0.990, mole fraction of lauric add in fatty acids mixture = 0.10)...

Figure 8.18 demonstrates the effectiveness of this dual-composition control structure. Figure 8.18a shows how product purities vary in the face of the same scenario of feed flow rate dismrbances and feed-composition disturbances previously used. A comparison of these results with the CS3 results given in Figure 8.15 reveals a very significant reduction in product quality variability, both dynamically and at steady state. Both products are remrned to the specifications, even for feed-composition disturbances. 

Design variables are not the only ones to affect the cyclone number. While the effects of pressure, flow rate, viscosity and the densities of the fluid and particles are included, the strong influence of the feed concentration and of underflow orifice control are not. Most of the theories only apply to low solids concentrations, some (Holland-Batt, Schubert and Neesse) offer a correction for hindered settling and others consider to some extent the effect of the underflow-to-throughput ratio (Bradley) or the limited capacity of the underflow orifice (Schubert and Neesse). Once again, the effect of solids concentration for the purpose of scale-up is best described by dimensionless correlations derived from pilot tests and this is shown in some detail later. 

Coolant Flow / Reactant Flow Figure 5.23 EfFect of coolant flow rate and temperature on CO conversion for the water-gas shift reaction in a microchannel reactor at constant reformate feed inlettemperatureof350°C , 125 °C coolant temperature , 200°C , 225 °C [393]. 

Effect of solvent flow rate. The effect of solvent flow rate has been studied by Rebolleda et al., (Rebolleda et al., 2012) and their results are presented in Figure 7 at a constant pressure and temperature. Extraction curves, expressed in dependence on the solvent-to-feed ratio, are not significantly affected by SC-CO2 flow rate. This behavior supports the fact that solubility, not external mass transfer, is controlling the SC-CO2 extraction process of com germ oil. 

FIG. 7.23. Effect of gas flow rate on volatile leaving the exhaust of an incinerator. ----, theoretical ----, experimental feed O2 concentration, 0.21. 

The space velocity SV is often used with conversion to descrihe die overall reactor performance. It is common in die petroleum and petrochemical industries to plot conversion against space velocity to descrihe die effect of feed rate on die performance of a flow system. 

Use the program to study the effects of both positive and negative fractional changes in feed temperature, monomer and initiator concentration and feed flow rate. Compare your observations with the results and explanations of Kenat et al. 

Using eq 11, 14, 15, 16 and 17, one can for example calculate the effect of feed concentration and feed flow rate on f and (PR) for NaCl-H20 feed solutions obtainable with a cellulose acetate membrane specified in terms of A and (DAM NaCl ... 

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