Effects of Doping

Chemical Effects of Doping on The Litharge-Silicon System , Rept No NAD-CR-RDTR-264 (Jan 1974) 55) P.K. Tally, High Tempera-... 

In this work, we aimed to investigate the effect of doping nitrogen on the characteristics and demonstrate the feasibility of improvement of photocatalytic activity of Ti02 under visible light. 

Table 4.3 Microwave heating effects of doping organic solvents with ionic liquids (IL) A and B (data from [63]). a ...

Brouwer diagrams plot the defect concentrations in a solid as a function of the partial pressure of the components of the material and are a convenient way of displaying electronic properties (Sections 7.6-7.9). These can be readily extended to include the effects of doping by acceptors or donors. 

D.B. Romero, M.Z. Schaer, B. Cesar, and B. Francois, Effects of doping in polymer light-emitting diodes, Appl. Phys. Lett., 67 1659-1661 (1995). 

In a study that addressed the effect of doping on quantum dots, the donor and acceptor levels were found to be practically independent of particle size [De3]. In other words, shallow impurities become deep ones if the dot size is reduced. Experimental observations show that the luminescence is not affected by doping if a thermal diffusion process, for example using a POCl3 source, is used [Ell]. Implantation, in contrast, is observed to effectively quench the PL [Tal4]. If the pores are filled with a medium of a large low-frequency dielectric constant, such as water or any other polar solvent, it is found that deep impurity states still exist,... 

Balko, B.A. Clarkson, K.M. (2001) The effect of doping with Ti(lV) and Sn(IV) on oxygen reduction at hematite electrodes. J. Electro-chem. Soc. 148 E85-E91 Balkwill, D. Maratea, D. Blakemore, R.P. (1980) Ultrastructure of a magnetotactic spirillum. J. Bacteriol. 141 1399-1408 Ballko, B.A. Tratnyek, P.G. (1998) Photoeffects on the reduction of carbon tetrachloride by zero-valent iron. J. Phys. Chem. B 102 1459-1465... 

Fig. 19 The effect of doping on the density of states distribution in a disordered organic semiconductor at variable concentration of charged dopants. The energy scale is normalized to the width of the DOS, expressed through a, of the undoped sample. The parameters are the intrinsic site concentration V and the dopant concentration N. From [125] with permission. Copyright (2005) by the American Institute of Physics...

Arkhipov VI, Heremans P, Emelianova EV, Bassler H (2005) Effect of doping on the density-of-states distribution and carrier hopping in disordered organic semiconductors. Phys Rev B 71 045214... 

Figure 4.2. Effect of doping on catalyst morphology nsing SEM (a) Ge-doped silicahte and (b) Cr-silicalite.

Antimony-doped SnOi films were deposited by adding SbCls to the deposition solution. Sb is a well-known n-type dopant used to increase the conductivity of SnOi films. The Sb concentration in the films increased hnearly with that in the deposition solution and was somewhat less than the solution concentration (e.g., 6% Sb in solution gave ca. 4% in the film). The Sb doping increased both the visible/near-lR transmission and mid-lR reflectance of the films, compared to the undoped films. These spectra are similar to those for doped ZnO (Fig. 7.3), and the effect of doping can be explained in the same way. The bandgap increased to 4.1 eV, compared to 3.56 eV for the undoped film, explained through band filhng by free electrons. 

Figure 6.48 (a) Effect of doping on the electrical conductivity (solid line) and thermopower (broken line) of polyacetylene. (Following Etemad et al, 1982.) (b) solitons in trans-polyacetylene (i) neutral, (ii) positive and (iii) negative solitons. Arrow marks the boundary between the two symmetric configurations. A, acceptor D, donor. (Following Subramanyam Naik, 1985.)... 

The effect of doping sulfur lignin with bromine on the IR spectra is shown in Figure 3a and 3b. 

Figure 3. a, the effect of doping degree on IR spectra (bromine) b, ESR-spectra of sulfur lignin doped with bromine. 

Determination of the effect of doping on oxidation stacking fault shrinkage or growth... 

The helper effects of DOPE and cholesterol appear to be hydrocarbon chain-specific. This is demonstrated in studies of their mixtures with a series of alkyl acyl carnitine esters (alkyl 3-acyloxy-4-trimethylammonium butyrate chloride) tested with CV-1 cell culture (monkey fibroblast) [127]. The influence of the aliphatic chain length (n - 12-18) on transfection in vitro was determined using cationic liposomes prepared from these lipids and their mixtures with the helper lipids DOPE and cholesterol (Fig. 30). Both helper lipids provided for significant transfection enhancements in an apparently chain-specific manner, with the highest effects found for short-chain lipids with diC12 0 and diC14 0 chains in 1 1 mixtures with the respective helper lipid. 

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