EEC - Contained use of genetically-modified micro-organisms

1 Directive 9012191 EEC - Contained use of genetically-modified micro-organisms  

The CUD defines a minimum list of techniques that are considered to be within the meaning of the term genetic modification - r-DNA techniques using vector systems direct introduction of nucleic acids by methods of micro-injection and cell fusion/hybridisation. Member States can include additional techniques under national controls, if they see fit. 

In addition. Article 2 sets out a list of techniques which are to be considered as genetic modification only if they involve the use of r-DNA or existing GMMOs-m vitro fertilisation, polyploidy induction, conjugation, transduction, transformation or any other natural process . This last inclusion leaves a great deal to national interpretation. 

Article 3 specifically excludes from the scope of the Directive the techniques of mutagenesis, work with somatic animal hybridomas, cell fusion of certain plant cells, and self-cloning of low risk micro-organisms. However, Member States are again free to go further than the Directive in these areas, if they so wish. 

The concept of containment requires that there be physical barriers that limit contact of the modified organism with the environment. Biological barriers alone appear not to be sufficient under the CUD. 

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