Ecstasy common effects

Figure 1.2 Serotonin is one of the brain s neurotransmitters. This image depicts serotonin transmission between neurons and the drug Ecstasy s effects on that transmission. Serotonin is normally removed from the synapse shortly after being released. Ecstasy blocks this mechanism, increasing the amount of serotonin in the synapse. This causes the postsynaptic neuron to be overstimulated by serotonin. Serotonin is one of many neurotransmitters that nerve cells can secrete. Other common neurotransmitters include dopamine, glutamate, gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA), noradrenaline, and endorphins.

Together with GFIB and ecstasy, amphetamines are often referred to as "club drugs," because they are increasingly popular in the club scene. They are often produced in small clandestine laboratories, which makes their precise chemical identification difficult. They differ from ecstasy chiefly in the context of use intravenous administration and "hard core" addiction is far more common with amphetamines, especially methamphetamine. In general, amphetamines lead to elevated catecholamine levels that increase arousal and reduce sleep, whereas the effects on the dopamine system mediate euphoria but may also cause abnormal movements and precipitate psychotic episodes. Effects on serotonin transmission may play a role in the hallucinogenic and anorexigenic functions as well as in the hyperthermia often caused by amphetamines. 

As GBL and related drugs are powerful sedatives that depress brain function and respiration, they are especially dangerous when mixed with alcohol or other drugs with similar effects. They can cause seizures and are more deadly when mixed with ecstasy or other club drugs that excite the nervous system. On the club scene or at raves, combining these drugs is unfortunately a common practice. 

LSD is one of many mind drugs that are known as hallucinogens. Also known as psychedelics, these drugs distort perception, cause spaciness and mild euphoria, and produce other unpredictable effects. In addition to LSD, the most common hallucinogens are marijuana, MDMA (ecstasy, rave), PCP, peyote (mescaline), and psilocybin mushrooms (schrooms). -... 

Some of the general more common adverse effects that have been reported by ecstasy users are shown in Table 4. 

Table 4. Undesirable effects commonly reported by ecstasy users.

The best known and most common club drug is Ecstasy, or methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA). A synthetic substance. Ecstasy has a psychoactive effect similar to the effects of the hallucinogen mescaline and the stimulant methamphetamine. 

GHB, otherwise known as"liquid Ecstasy" is shown in different containers that were confiscated by police. GHB effects include euphoria, drowsiness, and unconsciousness. It is commonly referred to as a "date rape" drug. When mixed with alcohol, it is entirely odorless and tasteless, and it causes the victim to be unable to resist or remember the attack. 

You have been given a method for the quantitation of amphetamine in powders this is able to separate amphetamine from other related amphetamine compounds such as methylamphetamine and common ecstasy type compounds such as MDA or MDMA. The resolution between your compounds should be no less than 1.2. The retention time is also used to identify any compounds of interest Under normal method conditions, the resolution between MDA and MDMA is 1.4. You have been asked to assess the effects of a small change to the flow rate in relation to compound resolution and retention time in your assay. You would prepare a solution at 100% of the target concentration and run the repeatability section of the method validation at flow rates of 0.9 and 1.1 mL/min. You would measure the resolution in each case and assess this against the predefined acceptance criteria (not less than 1.2). 

---