Climate Effects on Species Interactions and Ecosystem Structure

8 CLIMATE EFFECTS ON SPECIES INTERACTIONS AND ECOSYSTEM STRUCTURE 

FIGURE 18.11 Time trends in annual average predation mortality (M2) for cod ages 0-1 (black bars), sprat ages 3-5 (grey bars), and herring ages 3-5 (white bars). 

FIGURE 18.12 Predation pressure (C/P—sprat population consumption per copepod production) by sprat on the copepods Pseudocalanus acuspes (blackbars) and Temora longicornis (grey bars) data are from Mollmann and Koster, 2002. 

---