Economic pipe diameter example

The use of equations 5.14 and 5.15 are illustrated in Examples 5.6 and 5.7, and the results compared with those obtained by other authors. Peters and Timmerhaus s formulae give larger values for the economic pipe diameters, which is probably due to their low value for the installation cost factor, F. 

Example 7-1 Economic Pipe Diameter. What is the most economical diameter for a pipeline that is required to transport crude oil with a viscosity of 30 cP and an SG of 0.95, at a rate of 1 million barrels per day using ANSI 1500 pipe, if the cost of energy is 50 per kWh (in 1980 ) Assume that the economical life of the pipeline is 40 years and that the pumps are 50% efficient. 

A classic example showing how added refinements can come into an analysis for optimum conditions is involved in the development of methods for determining optimum economic pipe diameter for transportation of fluids. The following analysis, dealing with economic pipe diameters, gives a detailed derivation to illustrate how simplified expressions for optimum conditions can be developed. Further discussion showing the effects of other variables on the sensitivity is also presented. 

If in Exampl 6,17 the fluid were water contaminated with hydrofluoric acid, we would have to use a special corrosion-resistant pipe. Suppose that this pipe had a purchased cost PP exactly 10 times that of carbon-steel pipe. What would be the economic pipe diameter, pressure drop, and pump horsepower ... 

How much dc es inflation affect the economic pipe diameter For Example 6.17, if... 

This will be possible for only a few practical design problems. The technique is illustrated in Example 1.1, and in the derivation of the formula for optimum pipe diameter in Chapter 5. The determination of the economic reflux ratio for a distillation column, which is discussed in Volume 2, Chapter 11, is an example of the use of a graphical procedure to find the optimum value. 

Adequate information must be available for installed costs of piping and pumping equipment. Although suppliers quotations are desirable, published correlations may be adequate. Some data and references to other published sources ate given in Chapter 20. A simplification in locating the optimum usually is permissible by ignoring the costs of pumps and drivers since they are essentially insensitive to pipe diameter near the optimum value. This fact is clear in Example 6.8 for instance and in the examples worked out by Happel and Jordan (Chemical Process Economics, Dekkcr, New York, 1975). 

To reduce drilling and development costs, slimhole drilling is increasingly being used. Slimhole wells are considered wells in which at least 90 percent of the hole has been drilled with a bit fewer than six inches in diameter. For example, a typical rig uses a 8.5-in bit and a 5-in drill pipe, whereas a slimhole rig may use a 4-in bit and a 3.7-in drill pipe. Slimhole drilling is especially valuable in economically marginal fields and in environmentally sensitive areas, since the fuel consumption can be 75 percent less (mud pumps, drill power), the mud costs 80 percent less, the rig weight is 80 percent less, and the drill site is 75 percent smaller. 

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