Earth scrap

Latex continues to drip after the initial collection and coagulates naturally in the cup to form cup lump. Coagulum which forms as a film of latex on the tapped cut, called tree lace, or from latex that has dripped onto the ground, called earth scrap, is collected the next day along with the cup lump. Some smallholders may not collect the latex at all, but allow it to coagulate in the cup and collect it as cup lump. AH these methods produce mbber known as field coagulum. 

The lowest grade of plantation crepe rubber. It is made from earth scrap (rubber from latex which has fallen on the ground) and any other plantation salvage scrap. It was formerly called Rolled Brown Crepe. 

Flat bark crepe All types of scrap natural rubber including earth scrap... 

From these view points, we review recent literature on recycling of rare earths from various rare-earth scrap materials, such as permanent magnets, phosphors, secondary nickel metal hydride batteries, polishing powders, optical glass, and catalysts. The review is concerned initially with each recyclable product and then on each method used in recycling. 

Four types of coagulum are collected in the field, namely cup lump, tree lace, earth scrap and smallholders lump. Cup lump is the coagulated material found in the collection cup formed from residual latex after the latex was collected from a previous tapping. It is a cleaner material than the other three. Tree lace is the coagulum strip that the tapper peels off from the previous cut before making a new cut. It is often contaminated by manganese from the bark and... 

Latex not sold as latex concentrate and cup lump, tree lace, and earth scrap are used to produce various grades of dry rubber. 

The cup lump, tree lace, and earth scrap can be worked up into rubbers called brown crepes . These raw materials vary a great deal in quality and are often dirty, Preliminary treatment frequently includes soaking overnight in a dilute solution of sodium bisulfite to reduce the surface dirt and lighten the color. The material is then macerated and conveyed to a series of roll mills driven at friction speed and fitted with water sprays that clean up the rubber and blend it. The rubber is then sheeted off and dried like smoked sheet. Remilled blanket crepes refers to rubbers similar to brown crepes but which are made of smoked sheet cuttings, smallholders partially dried sheets, and other pieces. The production of brown crepes and remilled blanket crepe is diminishing as demand for technically specified rubber increases and technically specified rubbers use the same raw rubbers that go into crepes and blanket crepes. 

The anode tends to give rise to a high resistance polarisation due to the formation of a voluminous corrosion product, particularly when buried as opposed to immersed. This can be alleviated by closely surrounding the scrap with carbonaceous backfill this of course increases the cost if the backfill is not also a local by-product. It is necessary under conditions of burial to ensure compactness and homogeneity of backfill (earth or carbon) at all areas on the steel, otherwise particularly rapid loss of metal at the better compacted areas could lead to decimation of the groundbed capacity. 

Similar deleterious effects of small concentrations (that is, 0.001% to 0.005%) have been well documented for bismuth and antimony. Similarly, these effects were overcome by additions of small amounts of the rare earth elements. In the industry, it is accepted that roughly 0.01% cerium (once again as mischmetal that contains 50% cerium and approximately 50% lanthanum, neodymium and praseodymium) will neutralize the effects of the deleterious elements. The result is the production of high quality nodular iron, while still allowing for the use of commercially available steel scrap as a raw material. 

Alkali metals (Na or K) and metallic hydrides, on contact with water, produce hydrogen and sufficient heat to ignite the gas with explosive rapidity. Waste scraps of sodium should be added in small proportions to a high-boiling alcohol, such as propanol or butanol, and safely disposed of after all action ceases. Nonaqueous fire extinguishers such as dry soda ash are the only kind that should be used on an alkali metal fire. See also Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metals, Vol 1, p A125-L... 

There are about 1.5 x 109 scrap tires in the world at the moment this represents a major waste disposal problem, (a) If all of these tires were burned with complete efficiency, by how much (in tonnes) would the Earth s current atmospheric load of C02 increase (b) Compare this amount to the current atmospheric C02 load. Assume rubber has a molecular formula of C20oH400 and that each scrap tire weighs 8 kg, has a diameter of 48 cm, and is 85% rubber. 

Environmentally conscious to a fault, Earth s dining room is a study in modern design. Scrap wood from a recently demolished building was used for their hardwood floors, and recycled medals used to make tiny tables. Halogen lighting, potted fig trees and bowls of goldfish complete the scene. 

---