E. hirta

V. rotundifolia, Zingiber officinale Myristica frag rans Euphorbia humifusa, E. hirta... 

Euphorbia humijusa, E. hirta, E. coraroides, E. lasiocaula, E. lunulata, E. pallasii, E. pekinensis... 

Acalypha australis, Caesalpiniapulcherrima, C. sappan, Comus officinalis, Erigeron canadensis, E. annuus, Eucalyptus robusta, Euphorbia humifusa, E. hirta, Geranium dahuricum, G. eriostemon, G. sibiricum,... 

Artemisia absinthium, Equisetum hyemale, E. hirta, Inula britannica, I. japonica, Lycopus virginicus, Menyanthes trifoliata, Oenothera biennis, Polygala senega, Salix alba, S. discolor, Sambucus nigra,... 

Source Euphorbia pilulifera L. (syn. E. hirta L. E. capitata Lam.) (Family Euphorbiaceae). 

More recent literature supports some of the earlier reports and introduce new findings about the activities of euphorbia. The majority of recent reports utilize the synonym E. hirta as an identifier of the plant source. 

The antispasmodic effect of E. hirta was reported by Tona et al., whereby a polypheno-lic extract inhibited the contractions of isolated guinea pig ileum at 80 ig/mL. ° The gastric motility of normal rats was also decreased by an aqueous leaf extract of E. hirta ... 

An ethanohc extract of E. hirta was recently reported to display an antiallergic effect by inhibiting rat peritoneal mast cell degranulation and by relieving the symptoms in a model of mild asthma. This finding is contradictory to the earlier one reported by Hellerman and Hezelton in 1950. 

P. chinensis, Pyrethrum, cinerariifolium Pogostemon cablin Ferula assa-foetida Euphorbia hirta Perilla frutescens Zingiber officinale Silybum marianum Equisetum arvense, E. hyemale... 

A further hopane constituent of the lichen Peltigera aphthosa is phlebic acid B (125). " Woodwardic acid, from Woodwardia orientalis, is 3jff-hydroxy-21y5H-hop-22(29)-ene-23-carboxylic acid (126). Mollugogenol E (127), from Mollugo hirta, has been correlated with niollugogenol A. 

Euphorbia, Pill-bearing spurge snake-weed cat s hair Queensland asthma weed flowery -headed spurge. Dried herb of Euphorbia hirta L. or E. pilulifera L., Euphor-biaceae. Habit. Queensland (Australia), India, widely distributed in tropical countries. Constit. Several resins, an unstable glucoside. 

Johnson, P.B., E.M. Abdurahman, E.A. Tiam, I. Abdu-Aguye, and I.M. Hussaini. 1999. Euphorbia hirta leaf extracts increase urine output and electrolytes in rats. /. Ethnopharmacol. 65(l) 63-69. 

Elumalai, E.K., Hemachandran, J., Therasa, V.S., Thirumalai, T., David, E., 2010. Extracellular synthesis of silver nanoparticles using leaves of Euphorbia hirta and their antibacterial activities. J. Pharm. Sci. 2, 549—554. 

To date, little difficulty has been observed in livestock grazing fine fescues, though circumstantial evidence suggests that their EA may have dramatic effects on populations of feral Soay sheep in the Outer Hebrides (115). On the island of Hirta, the Soay sheep undergo population crashes of 40-65% every 3-5 years, and red fescue (Festuca rubra) infection by E. festucae correlates with grazing pressure. Furthermore, mock herbivory (clipping) induced production of 8 in plants from the island, whereas 8 was undetectable in control plants. Thus, 8 appears to be an inducible defense in red fescue - E. festucae symbiota. 

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