Dynamics of surfaces

As on previous occasions, the reader is reminded that no very extensive coverage of the literature is possible in a textbook such as this one and that the emphasis is primarily on principles and their illustration. Several monographs are available for more detailed information (see General References). Useful reviews are on future directions and anunonia synthesis [2], surface analysis [3], surface mechanisms [4], dynamics of surface reactions [5], single-crystal versus actual catalysts [6], oscillatory kinetics [7], fractals [8], surface electrochemistry [9], particle size effects [10], and supported metals [11, 12]. 

One interesting new field in the area of optical spectroscopy is near-field scaiming optical microscopy, a teclmique that allows for the imaging of surfaces down to sub-micron resolution and for the detection and characterization of single molecules [, M]- Wlien applied to the study of surfaces, this approach is capable of identifying individual adsorbates, as in the case of oxazine molecules dispersed on a polymer film, illustrated in figure Bl.22,11 [82], Absorption and emission spectra of individual molecules can be obtamed with this teclmique as well, and time-dependent measurements can be used to follow the dynamics of surface processes. 

Radeke M R and Carter E A 1997 Ab initio dynamics of surface chemistry Ann. Rev. Phys. Chem. 48 243-70... 

Volume 109 Dynamics of Surfaces and Reaction Kinetics in Heterogeneous Catalysis. 

Link, S. and El-Sayed, M. A. (1999) Spectral properties and relaxation dynamics of surface plasmon electronic oscillations in gold and silver nanodots and nanorods. 

The development of experimental methods over the last 50 years has been at the forefront of new strategies that emerged, driven by the need to obtain molecular information relevant to the structure of catalyst surfaces and the dynamics of surface reactions. The ultimate aim was in sight with the atomic resolution that became available from STM, particularly when this was coupled with chemical information from surface-sensitive spectroscopies. 

M. Neurock, in Dynamics of Surfaces and Reaction Kinetics in Heterogeneous Catalysis, ed. G. F. Froment and K. C. Waugh, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1997, 3. 

Cardiff using surface-sensitive spectroscopies and which provided a different insight into surface reactivity, particularly of the role of transient and precursor states in the dynamics of surface-catalysed reactions. 

Central to the understanding of surface-related phenomena has been the study of gas-surface reactions. A comprehensive understanding of these reactions has proven challenging because of the intrinsic many-body nature of surface dynamics. In terms of theoretical methods, this complexity often forces us either to treat complex realistic systems using approximate approaches, or to treat simple systems with realistic approaches. When one is interested in studying processes of technological importance, the latter route is often the most fruitful. One theoretical technique which embodies the many-body aspect of the dynamics of surface chemistry (albeit in a very approximate manner) is molecular dynamics computer simulation. 

Van Beijeren, H. and Nolden, I., 1987, in Structure and Dynamics of Surfaces, Schommers and P. von Blanckenhagen eds., Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1987. 

UPD process and surface Cd-Ag alloying were also studied on polycrystalline Ag electrode [285, 286]. The surface alloy formation rate was similar to that for Ag(lOO) [286]. The dynamics of surface alloying promoted by Cd UPD was studied on irregular Ag substrates, dendritic, and columnar Ag deposits [291]. 

The 02 dissociation on Pt(lll) is another of the well-studied paradigms in the dynamics of surface chemistry, both because of the richness of its dynamics and because Pt is an important oxidation catalyst, e.g., in automotive exhausts. 

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