Dynamic text

Keywords addition, cognitive overhead, dynamic text, expert system, fine tuning, free recall protocols, graphical browsers, hypertext, integration of information, navigation, restmcturing, schemata, semantic networks, sequencing, simulation... 

This presentation CD ROM contains a multimedia col lection of visual resources allowing instructors to use art work from the text m multiple formats to create cus tomized classroom presentations visually based tests and quizzes dynamic course website content or attractive printed support materials The Digital Content Manager IS a cross platform CD containing an image library a ta bles library and a PowerPoint presentation... 

This text is similar to that of McCammon and Harvey (see below), but also provides a background for force field-based calculations and a more sophisticated discussion. Includes numerous examples of computing the structure, dynamics, and thermodynamics of proteins. The authors provide an interesting chapter on the complementary nature of molecular mechanics calculations and specific experimental techniques. 

AMBER, GROMOS, QUANTA/CHARMm molecular dynamics (see text)... 

There are basically two different computer simulation techniques known as molecular dynamics (MD) and Monte Carlo (MC) simulation. In MD molecular trajectories are computed by solving an equation of motion for equilibrium or nonequilibrium situations. Since the MD time scale is a physical one, this method permits investigations of time-dependent phenomena like, for example, transport processes [25,61-63]. In MC, on the other hand, trajectories are generated by a (biased) random walk in configuration space and, therefore, do not per se permit investigations of processes on a physical time scale (with the dynamics of spin lattices as an exception [64]). However, MC has the advantage that it can easily be applied to virtually all statistical-physical ensembles, which is of particular interest in the context of this chapter. On account of limitations of space and because excellent texts exist for the MD method [25,61-63,65], the present discussion will be restricted to the MC technique with particular emphasis on mixed stress-strain ensembles. 

Fig. 5. Typical forms of frequency dependences of dynamic modulus. The content of the filler increases upon the transition from durve 1 to 2 and to 3. The discussion of regions I-VI, displayed on the curves, see text...

Selected figures and exercises throughout the book are accompanied by annotated Media Links that direct students to Web-based resources (see the more detailed listing under Media-Based Supplements). These integrated links to the book s companion Web site are designed to make the text more dynamic and interactive. Chemical Principles contains integrated links to ... 

Selected art in the text is supported by dynamic media. Students can view motion, three-dimensional effects, and atomic and molecular interactions to learn to visualize as chemists do—at a molecular level. 

In effect, the composition of the mobile phase, and thus the selectivity of the chromatographic system, has been changed. As mentioned in the text, dynamic FAB operates effectively with lower concentrations of matrix than static FAB and although its effect may be minimal it should always be considered. Post-column addition of matrix overcomes potential problems of this nature. 

All of the four multimedia tools reviewed in this section have features to support the first three principles all of them include multiple and linked representations at the macro, submicro, and symbolic levels, such as texts, graphs, chemical symbols, animations, and videos. Not only do they present the dynamic and interactive nature... 

In the examples described above, the UltraLink is associated with the extracted concepts. To augment its flexibility and applicability, we allow for a dynamic UltraLink construction from a portion of text selected by the user. When the user selects a section of a document with the mouse, a list of UltraLinks is generated on the fly on release of the mouse button as shown in Figure 31.4A. Furthermore, the Web Interface allows for several UltraLink windows to be opened simultaneously as shown in Figure 31.4B. 

Figure 41. Selective bond breaking of H2O by means of the quadratically chirped pulses with the initial wave packets described in the text. The dynamics of the wavepacket moving on the excited potential energy surface is illustrated by the density, (a) The initail wave packet is the ground vibrational eigen state at the equilibrium position, (b) The initial wave packet has the same shape as that of (a), but shifted to the right, (c) The initail wave packet is at the equilibrium position but with a directed momentum toward x direction. Taken from Ref. [37]. (See color insert.)...

Force and velocity are however both vector quantities and in applying the momentum balance equation, the balance should strictly sum all the effects in three dimensional space. This however is outside the scope of this text and the reader is referred to more standard works in fluid dynamics. 

Equilibrium data correlations can be extremely complex, especially when related to non-ideal multicomponent mixtures, and in order to handle such real life complex simulations, a commercial dynamic simulator with access to a physical property data-base often becomes essential. The approach in this text, is based, however, on the basic concepts of ideal behaviour, as expressed by Henry s law for gas absorption, the use of constant relative volatility values for distillation and constant distribution coeficients for solvent extraction. These have the advantage that they normally enable an explicit method of solution and avoid the more cumbersome iterative types of procedure, which would otherwise be required. Simulation examples in which more complex forms of equilibria are employed are STEAM and BUBBLE. 

Basic principles of modem NMR spectroscopy are the subject of many textbooks [167,188-196], including pulse techniques [197] for NMR of polymers, see Bodor [198]. A guide to multinuclear magnetic resonance is also available [199]. Several texts deal specifically with multidimensional NMR spectroscopy [169,197,200-202]. Ernst et al. [169] have reviewed the study of dynamic processes, such as chemical exchange... 

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